Abstract: An extinguisher management system includes a fire extinguisher, a management server and a maintenance server. The fire extinguisher transmits a notification signal when a measured pressure thereof is beyond a predetermined pressure range. The management server includes a wireless receiver for receiving the notification signal from the fire extinguisher, and a database storing an apparatus data set corresponding to the fire extinguisher. The management server outputs an apparatus information in the apparatus data set in response to receipt of the notification signal. The maintenance server is configured to update a to-be-maintained list according to the apparatus information received from the management server.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical sensing apparatus for measuring a change in a first property. The optical sensing apparatus comprises first and second optical fibre portions and a sensing region for exposing both the first and second optical fibre portions to a change in an applied force. The force is, or is related to, the first property and has a component that is transversal to the optical fibre portions. The apparatus further comprises a holder for holding the first and second optical fibre portions in the sensing region. The first and second optical fibre portions are arranged relative to each other such that the change in the force results in a first change of an optical property of the first optical fibre portion and in a second change of the optical property of the second optical fibre portion and wherein the first change differs from the second change.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an optical sensing apparatus for measuring a change in a first property. The optical sensing apparatus comprises first and second optical fibre portions and a sensing region for exposing both the first and second optical fibre portions to a change in an applied force. The force is, or is related to, the first property and has a component that is transversal to the optical fibre portions. The apparatus further comprises a holder for holding the first and second optical fibre portions in the sensing region. The first and second optical fibre portions are arranged relative to each other such that the change in the force results in a first change of an optical property of the first optical fibre portion and in a second change of the optical property of the second optical fibre portion and wherein the first change differs from the second change.

Abstract: A method of model adaptation for noisy speech recognition determines the cepstral mean vector and covariance matrix of adapted noisy speech from the cepstral mean vectors and covariance matrices of speech and noise. The cepstral mean vectors of noise and speech are first transferred into the linear spectral domain, respectively. The linear spectral mean vectors of noise and speech are then combined to obtain a linear spectral mean vector of noisy speech. Next, the linear spectral mean vector of noisy speech is transferred from the linear spectral domain into the cepstral domain, so as to determine the cepstral mean vector of adapted noisy speech. Further, the cepstral covariance matrices of speech and noise are multiplied by a first and a second scaling factor, respectively, and the multiplied cepstral covariance matrices are combined together, so as to determine the cepstral covariance matrix of adapted noisy speech.