Abstract: Primary and secondary controllers both receive independent digital representations of shaft speed. Only one of the outputs of the two controllers is used. In order to detect a fault and isolate it to one of the two controllers, comparison is performed on the response of each controller with the response of the other controller. In addition, the response of each controller is compared with a system mathematical model which predicts the response which each controller should provide to a given set of inputs. If the first comparison indicates that one of the controllers is bad, the comparison with the system mathematical model identifies the faulty controller and provides a signal which removes it from operation and enables the good controller to begin providing control signals.

Abstract: Outputs of two independent controllers are available to control a valve actuator in a turbine control system. One of these valve drive signals is applied to the valve actuator while the other is applied to a termination. When a fault is detected in the active controller, the secondary controller is reinitialized to eliminate any drift which may have occurred therein to provide a valve drive signal closely equal to a valve drive signal previously provided by the active controller. Switchover is performed placing the previously inactive controller in the active condition and applying the signal from the previously active controller to the termination.

Abstract: A digital shaft speed sensor modifies a clock frequency and counting period to provide a speed signal having wide dynamic range with adequate resolution. The division ratio of a programmable divider counting pulses from a shaft encoder is modified by a central processing unit based on the count or speed measured in a preceding counting. The output of the programmable divider sets an interval during which clock pulses are counted to determine the shaft speed. Since the dividing ratio of the programmable divider is dynamically changed according to previous speed measurements, the total number of clock pulses is correspondingly changed. In addition, the output frequency of the clock pulses is changed so that, at low speed, a low clock frequency can be used and at higher speeds, one or more higher clock frequencies can be used to maintain resolution with reasonable memory size.