Abstract: A method and a kit for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis are provided. The method includes a step of performing a nested qPCR assay to a specimen. The nested qPCR assay includes a first round of amplification using external primers and a second round of amplification using internal primers and a probe. The external primers have sequences of SEQ ID NOs. 1 and 2, and the internal primers and the probe have sequences of SEQ ID NOs. 3 to 5.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a zero-crossing detection circuit, including: a zero-crossing judgment module, having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected to a power supply and the second end is grounded; a photoelectric coupler, connected to the zero-crossing judgment module; an optocoupler driving module, connected to the photoelectric coupler; and an energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage capacitor is configured to provide excitation power for the photoelectric coupler and the optocoupler driving module.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a zero-crossing detection circuit, including: a zero-crossing judgment module, having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected to a power supply and the second end is grounded; a photoelectric coupler, connected to the zero-crossing judgment module; an optocoupler driving module, connected to the photoelectric coupler; and an energy storage capacitor, wherein the energy storage capacitor is configured to provide excitation power for the photoelectric coupler and the optocoupler driving module.

Abstract: A signal transceiving circuit comprising an IC including a signal transmitting part. The signal transmitting part comprises: a first I/O pad; a second I/O pad; a first output stage circuit, coupled to the first I/O pad; a second output stage circuit, coupled to the second I/O pad; and a first surge protecting device, comprising a first terminal coupled to the first output stage circuit and the first I/O pad, and comprising a second terminal coupled to the second output stage circuit and the second I/O pad.

Abstract: A signal transceiving circuit comprising an IC including a signal transmitting part. The signal transmitting part comprises: a first I/O pad; a second I/O pad; a first output stage circuit, coupled to the first I/O pad; a second output stage circuit, coupled to the second I/O pad; and a first surge protecting device, comprising a first terminal coupled to the first output stage circuit and the first I/O pad, and comprising a second terminal coupled to the second output stage circuit and the second I/O pad.

Abstract: A parallel hybrid circuit comprising a transformer, a first matching resistor, a second matching resistor and an echo cancelling circuit. The transformer comprises: a first side, comprising a transmitting coil group and a receiving coil group, wherein the transmitting coil group comprises at least one transmitting coil, wherein the receiving coil group comprises at least one receiving coil; a second side comprising at least one transceiving coil; wherein the transformer receives a transmitting signal and couples the transmitting signal from the first side to the second side via a first turn ratio, and receives a receiving signal from the transceiving line and couples the receiving signal from the second side to the first side via a second turn ratio. The first, second matching resistors are coupled with the transformer in parallel. The echo cancelling circuit is coupled between the transmitting line and the receiving line.

Abstract: A parallel hybrid circuit comprising a transformer, a first matching resistor, a second matching resistor and an echo cancelling circuit. The transformer comprises: a first side, comprising a transmitting coil group and a receiving coil group, wherein the transmitting coil group comprises at least one transmitting coil, wherein the receiving coil group comprises at least one receiving coil; a second side comprising at least one transceiving coil; wherein the transformer receives a transmitting signal and couples the transmitting signal from the first side to the second side via a first turn ratio, and receives a receiving signal from the transceiving line and couples the receiving signal from the second side to the first side via a second turn ratio. The first, second matching resistors are coupled with the transformer in parallel. The echo cancelling circuit is coupled between the transmitting line and the receiving line.

Abstract: A surge protection circuit for a line driver of a communication system includes a positive output pad; a negative output pad; a transistor, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal, the first terminal coupled to the positive output pad, the second terminal coupled to the negative output pad; and a trigger circuit. The trigger circuit includes an inverter, comprising an input terminal and an output terminal, the output terminal coupled to the third terminal of the transistor; and a first RC delay circuit. The first RC delay circuit includes a resistor having a terminal coupled to an input terminal of the inverter, and another terminal coupled to a power supply; and a capacitor having a terminal coupled to the input terminal of the inverter and another terminal coupled to a ground. The transistor is within an integrated circuit.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a line driver for a communication system with a variable loading. The line driver includes a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, a plurality of current cells, for generating a plurality of output currents, and a plurality of switches, for controlling a number of connections between the plurality of current cells and the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal according to impedance of the variable loading, to generate a total output current such that a output voltage swing stays within a specific range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plastic unit internally embedded with an antenna and a manufacturing method of the same. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of preparing a plastic housing, installing an antenna metal wiring on the plastic housing, and covering a heated and softened thermoplastic material on the antenna metal wiring and the plastic housing. The cooled thermoplastic material and the plastic housing are combined as a plastic member. The antenna metal wiring is internally embedded in the plastic member.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a line driver for a communication system with a variable loading. The line driver includes a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, a plurality of current cells, for generating a plurality of output currents, and a plurality of switches, for controlling a number of connections between the plurality of current cells and the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal according to impedance of the variable loading, to generate a total output current such that a output voltage swing stays within a specific range.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a surge protection circuit for a line driver. The surge protection circuit includes a transistor, including a first terminal coupled to a positive output pad of the line driver and a second terminal coupled to a negative output pad of the line driver, an inverter, including an output terminal coupled to a third terminal of the transistor, and a first RC circuit, including a resistor having a terminal coupled to an input terminal of the inverter and another terminal coupled to a power supply, and a capacitor having a terminal coupled to the input terminal of the inverter and another terminal coupled to a ground. A first RC time constant of the first RC circuit is substantially equal to or greater than a period of a differential mode surge signal.

Abstract: A multimode line driver circuit is provided. The multimode line driver circuit has a first driver circuit for receiving a first differential input signal and transmitting a first differential output signal, and a second driver circuit for receiving a second driver circuit for receiving a second differential input signal and transmitting a second differential output signal. The multimode line driver circuit also has a first switch coupling the first driver circuit to a first power supply and a second switch coupling the second driver circuit to a second power supply. The multimode line driver circuit also has a transformer coupled to the output interface for transforming the first differential output and the second differential output and a mode controller configured to close the first switch in the first mode and to close the second switch in the second mode.

Abstract: A circuit comprises an amplifier circuit and a trimming circuit. The amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier. The operational amplifier has a first input configured to receive input signals, and the operational amplifier also has a second input and an amplifier output. One of the first input or the second input is a negative input. The trimming circuit is coupled to the amplifier output. The trimming circuit includes a termination resistor coupled in parallel with at least one trimming resistor. The termination resistor is coupled to a first switch in series, and the trimming resistor is coupled to a second switch in series. The amplifier output is connected back to the negative input through the first switch.

Abstract: A line driver for a communications system requiring multiple power sources for different modes of operation comprises a current source and a voltage source coupled in parallel with the current source. The current source has a first terminal and a second terminal. The line driver further comprises a first source resistor coupled to the first terminal of the current source and a second source resistor coupled to the second terminal of the current source. The current source provides a driving current and the voltage source provides a driving voltage at the same time during operations of the communications system.

Abstract: A circuit comprises an amplifier circuit and a trimming circuit. The amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier. The operational amplifier has a first input configured to receive input signals, and the operational amplifier also has a second input and an amplifier output. One of the first input or the second input is a negative input. The trimming circuit is coupled to the amplifier output. The trimming circuit includes a termination resistor coupled in parallel with at least one trimming resistor. The termination resistor is coupled to a first switch in series, and the trimming resistor is coupled to a second switch in series. The amplifier output is connected back to the negative input through the first switch.

Abstract: A multimode line driver circuit is provided. The multimode line driver circuit has a first driver circuit for receiving a first differential input signal and transmitting a first differential output signal, and a second driver circuit for receiving a second driver circuit for receiving a second differential input signal and transmitting a second differential output signal. The multimode line driver circuit also has a first switch coupling the first driver circuit to a first power supply and a second switch coupling the second driver circuit to a second power supply. The multimode line driver circuit also has a transformer coupled to the output interface for transforming the first differential output and the second differential output and a mode controller configured to close the first switch in the first mode and to close the second switch in the second mode.

Abstract: A line driver for a communications system requiring multiple power sources for different modes of operation comprises a current source and a voltage source coupled in parallel with the current source. The current source has a first terminal and a second terminal. The line driver further comprises a first source resistor coupled to the first terminal of the current source and a second source resistor coupled to the second terminal of the current source. The current source provides a driving current and the voltage source provides a driving voltage at the same time during operations of the communications system.

Abstract: A multimode line driver circuit is provided having improved performance. The multimode line driver comprises at least first and second driver circuits that, when “active,” respectively transmit data using first and second modes. The multimode line driver further comprises a circuit arrangement including a voltage regulator and an associated set of switches. In operation, at least some of the switches are coupled to the second driver circuit and are turned on when the first driver circuit is active. The voltage regulator supplies a direct current to at least some of the turned-on switches in order to decrease a common mode voltage at the second driver circuit while the first driver circuit transmits data using the first mode. As such, components of the second driver circuit can be powered off while the first driver circuit is active, thus reducing power consumption in the first mode.

Abstract: A data communication system comprising a first transmitter set configured to transmit a first output based on a first signal, the first output including one of a training pattern and a first data, the training pattern and the first data including clock information, a second transmitter set configured to transmit a second output based on the first signal, the second output including one of the training pattern and a second data, a first receiver set configured to generate a first received data based on the first output, a second receiver set configured to generate a second received data based on the second output, a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit configured to extract the clock information based on the first signal and the first received data and provide a second signal indicating whether a frequency in-lock status is reached, a phase control circuit in the second receiver set, the phase control circuit being configured to detect a phase difference between the first received data and the second received