Abstract: An image capturing lens system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element with positive refractive power having an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof, a second lens element with negative refractive power having an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof, a third lens element with positive refractive power having an object-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof, and a fourth lens element with negative refractive power having an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof and an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region thereof.

Abstract: A photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element. The first lens element has positive refractive power. The second lens element has negative refractive power. The third lens element has an object-side surface being convex in a paraxial region thereof.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory is provided. The ferroelectric memory includes a substrate, a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate, a patterned oxide layer disposed on the first conductive layer and the substrate, exposing a part of the first conductive layer, a second conductive layer disposed on the exposed first conductive layer and the patterned oxide layer, an antiferroelectric layer disposed on the exposed first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, a ferroelectric layer disposed on the second conductive layer and located on the antiferroelectric layer, a conductive oxide layer disposed between the antiferroelectric layer, and a third conductive layer disposed on the conductive oxide layer and between the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory is provided. The ferroelectric memory includes a substrate, a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate, a patterned oxide layer disposed on the first conductive layer and the substrate, exposing a part of the first conductive layer, a second conductive layer disposed on the exposed first conductive layer and the patterned oxide layer, an antiferroelectric layer disposed on the exposed first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, a ferroelectric layer disposed on the second conductive layer and located on the antiferroelectric layer, a conductive oxide layer disposed between the antiferroelectric layer, and a third conductive layer disposed on the conductive oxide layer and between the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory is provided. The ferroelectric memory includes a first electrode layer having a dominant crystallographic orientation of (110) or (220), a second electrode layer opposite the first electrode layer, wherein the second electrode layer has a dominant crystallographic orientation of (110) or (220), and a ferroelectric layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the ferroelectric layer has a dominant crystallographic orientation of (111).

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory is provided. The ferroelectric memory includes a first electrode layer having a dominant crystallographic orientation of (110) or (220), a second electrode layer opposite the first electrode layer, wherein the second electrode layer has a dominant crystallographic orientation of (110) or (220), and a ferroelectric layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the ferroelectric layer has a dominant crystallographic orientation of (111).

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory is provided. The ferroelectric memory includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode, at least one ferroelectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and at least one antiferroelectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the antiferroelectric layer is in contact with the ferroelectric layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory is provided. The ferroelectric memory includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode, at least one ferroelectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and at least one antiferroelectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the antiferroelectric layer is in contact with the ferroelectric layer.