Abstract: A method of sparse edge encoding for an image is to be implemented by a computer. The computer stores an original image, and the original image has a plurality of pixels. The method includes a step of cross-correlating the pixels of the original image with a mask matrix to obtain a plurality of Laplacian charges (L-charges) respectively corresponding to the pixels. Those of the L-charges that correspond to those of the pixels which represent an edge of an object in the original image have greater absolute values than other L-charges of the L-charges. The mask matrix is a square matrix, and a sum of all elements of the mask matrix is zero.

Abstract: An SOT-MRAM comprises a substrate, and an SOT memory cell disposed on the substrate and including a magnetic free layer. The magnetic free layer includes a first metal film exhibiting ferromagnetic characteristics, and a second metal film for generating a spin-Hall effect. The first metal film has a thickness sufficient to allow the magnetic free layer, after being applied with a first external magnetic field which is subsequently removed, to have a magnetization ratio ranging from ?0.9 to 0.9. The first metal film, upon being applied with a second external magnetic field and an electric pulse, has multiple magnetic domains when a current density resulting from the electric pulse is greater than a critical value.