Abstract: A carrying structure is provided and is defined with a main area and a peripheral area adjacent to the main area, where a plurality of packaging substrates are disposed in the main area in an array manner, a plurality of positioning holes are disposed in the peripheral area, and a plurality of positioning traces are formed along a part of the edges of the plurality of positioning holes, such that the plurality of positioning traces are formed with notches. Therefore, a plurality of positioning pins on the machine can be easily aligned and inserted into the plurality of positioning holes by the design of the plurality of positioning traces.

Abstract: A carrying structure is defined with a main area and a peripheral area adjacent to the main area, where a plurality of packaging substrates are disposed in the main area in an array manner, a plurality of positioning holes are disposed in the peripheral area, and a plurality of positioning traces are formed along a part of the edges of the plurality of positioning holes, such that the plurality of positioning traces are formed with notches.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for determining scenario data of a self-driving car are provided. The method includes: obtaining training scenario data by using scenario data, a loss function and a self-driving program module; training an encoding module and a decoding module by using the training scenario data, and generating a scenario space by using the trained encoding module; obtaining a monitoring module by using the scenario space; and executing the monitoring module to determine whether current scenario data belongs to an operational design domain by using the current scenario data and the trained encoding module.

Abstract: A safe following distance estimation system and an estimation method thereof are provided. The safe following distance estimation system adapted for an autonomous vehicle includes a sensor and a processor. The sensor senses an adjacent vehicle to generate first sensing data, and senses the autonomous vehicle to generate second sensing data. The processor estimates a first friction parameter between wheels of the adjacent vehicle and a pavement according to pavement material data, and estimates a second friction parameter between wheels of the autonomous vehicle and the pavement according to the second sensing data. The processor calculates a safe following distance between the autonomous vehicle and the adjacent vehicle according to the first sensing data, the second sensing data, the first friction parameter, the second friction parameter.

Abstract: A safe following distance estimation system and an estimation method thereof are provided. The safe following distance estimation system adapted for an autonomous vehicle includes a sensor and a processor. The sensor senses an adjacent vehicle to generate first sensing data, and senses the autonomous vehicle to generate second sensing data. The processor estimates a first friction parameter between wheels of the adjacent vehicle and a pavement according to pavement material data, and estimates a second friction parameter between wheels of the autonomous vehicle and the pavement according to the second sensing data. The processor calculates a safe following distance between the autonomous vehicle and the adjacent vehicle according to the first sensing data, the second sensing data, the first friction parameter, the second friction parameter.