Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for forming metallization layers that include a ruthenium metal liner and a cobalt metal fill. The method includes depositing a first dielectric on a substrate having a gate structure and source/drain (S/D) structures, forming an opening in the first dielectric to expose the S/D structures, and depositing a ruthenium metal on bottom and sidewall surfaces of the opening. The method further includes depositing a cobalt metal on the ruthenium metal to fill the opening, reflowing the cobalt metal, and planarizing the cobalt and ruthenium metals to form S/D conductive structures with a top surface coplanar with a top surface of the first dielectric.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate, at least one sensor, a dielectric layer, at least one light pipe structure, at least one pad, a shielding layer, and a protection layer is provided. The sensor is located in the substrate of a first region. The dielectric layer is located on the substrate. The light pipe structure is located in the dielectric layer of the first region. The light pipe structure corresponds to the sensor. The pad is located in the dielectric layer of a second region. The shielding layer is located on the dielectric layer, wherein the light pipe structure is surrounded by the shielding layer. The protection layer is located on the shielding layer. At least one pad opening is disposed in the dielectric layer, the shielding layer, and the protection layer above the pad. The pad opening exposes a top surface of the corresponding pad.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate, at least one sensor, a dielectric layer, at least one light pipe structure, at least one pad, a shielding layer, and a protection layer is provided. The sensor is located in the substrate of a first region. The dielectric layer is located on the substrate. The light pipe structure is located in the dielectric layer of the first region. The light pipe structure corresponds to the sensor. The pad is located in the dielectric layer of a second region. The shielding layer is located on the dielectric layer, wherein the light pipe structure is surrounded by the shielding layer. The protection layer is located on the shielding layer. At least one pad opening is disposed in the dielectric layer, the shielding layer, and the protection layer above the pad. The pad opening exposes a top surface of the corresponding pad.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate, at least one sensor, a dielectric layer, at least one light pipe structure, at least one pad, a shielding layer, and a protection layer is provided. The sensor is located in the substrate of a first region. The dielectric layer is located on the substrate. The light pipe structure is located in the dielectric layer of the first region. The light pipe structure corresponds to the sensor. The pad is located in the dielectric layer of a second region. The shielding layer is located on the dielectric layer, wherein the light pipe structure is surrounded by the shielding layer. The protection layer is located on the shielding layer. At least one pad opening is disposed in the dielectric layer, the shielding layer, and the protection layer above the pad. The pad opening exposes a top surface of the corresponding pad.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a substrate, at least one sensor, a dielectric layer, at least one light pipe structure, at least one pad, a shielding layer, and a protection layer is provided. The sensor is located in the substrate of a first region. The dielectric layer is located on the substrate. The light pipe structure is located in the dielectric layer of the first region. The light pipe structure corresponds to the sensor. The pad is located in the dielectric layer of a second region. The shielding layer is located on the dielectric layer, wherein the light pipe structure is surrounded by the shielding layer. The protection layer is located on the shielding layer. At least one pad opening is disposed in the dielectric layer, the shielding layer, and the protection layer above the pad. The pad opening exposes a top surface of the corresponding pad.

Abstract: A frame of a photovoltaic panel includes at least one L-shaped corner joint at least one first frame body and at least one second frame body. The L-shaped corner joint includes a support, a first joint arm and a second joint arm respectively disposed on different surfaces of the support, wherein the first joint arm and the second joint arm respectively have at least one first riveting hole and at least one second riveting hole. The first frame body has a first engaging groove therebetween. The first joint arm is inserted in the first engaging groove. Part of the first inner frame plate is caved in the first riveting hole. The second frame body has a second engaging groove. The second joint arm is inserted in the second engaging groove. Part of the second inner frame plate is caved in the second riveting hole.