Abstract: Provided is a method for improving metabolism, including administering to a subject in need thereof a composition including a kirin fruit ferment obtained by fermenting an aqueous extract of a kirin fruit with yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and an acetic acid bacteria, sequentially. The kirin fruit ferment inhibits an expression level of Naa10p gene, increases the activity of mitochondria in beige adipocytes, increases the activity of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells, promotes the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells, reduces insulin resistance, reduces the content of advanced glycation end products in blood, reduces the content of triglycerides, reduces the arteriosclerosis index, and reduces the liver injury indicator.

Abstract: Provided is a plant ferment, prepared by: mixing a mulberry (Morus alba), a pomegranate (Punica granatum), a purslane (Portulaca oleracea), a wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata), and a fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in a ratio of (0.5-4):(4-8):(0.5-4):(0.1-2):(0.5-4) to form a mixture; extracting the mixture with a solvent to obtain a plant extract; and fermenting the plant extract to obtain the plant ferment.

Abstract: Alteromonas macleodii Dow02-2 is provided, wherein the Alteromonas macleodii Dow02-2 was deposited at German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen, DSMZ) under the accession number DSM33380, and its metabolites comprise 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid. A method for providing 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is also provided, wherein the method comprises isolating the 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid from metabolites of Alteromonas macleodii Dow02-2 of biologically pure culture. A method for at least one of increasing expression of TGM1 gene, increasing expression of KRT1 gene, increasing expression of KRT10 gene, increasing expression of KRT14 gene, increasing expression of FLG gene, increasing expression of GBA gene, and increasing expression of HAS3 gene is also provided, wherein the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid.

Abstract: Alteromonas macleodii Dow02-2 is provided, wherein the Alteromonas macleodii Dow02-2 was deposited at German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen, DSMZ) under the accession number DSM33380, and its metabolites comprise 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid. A method for providing 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is also provided, wherein the method comprises isolating the 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid from metabolites of Alteromonas macleodii Dow02-2 of biologically pure culture. A method for at least one of increasing expression of TGM1 gene, increasing expression of KRT1 gene, increasing expression of KRT10 gene, increasing expression of KRT14 gene, increasing expression of FLG gene, increasing expression of GBA gene, and increasing expression of HAS3 gene is also provided, wherein the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid.