Abstract: A wafer cleaning and polishing pad includes a pad having a polishing surface, wherein the polishing surface includes a first material having a Shore D hardness ranging from 50 to 80 and a static coefficient of friction ranging from 0.01 to 0.6. The first material is a fluoropolymer. The pad includes a middle layer and/or a base under the polishing surface. The base includes a second material and the middle layer includes a third material having a lower surface hardness and a higher coefficient of friction than the first material. The polishing surface includes a plurality of grooves with varying groove depth from center of the pad to an edge of the pad.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrothermal system which comprises at least one electrothermal equipment used to emit infrared radiation, a control unit used to control the operation of the electrothermal equipments. By using the control unit, some specified electrothermal equipments can be enabled to heat up some specified regions while the other electrothermal equipments will not operate. The present invention can reduce power consumption for only heating up demanded local regions and improving efficiency of electricity utilization.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an electrothermal element which comprises a substrate, a reflective layer, an electrothermal layer, and an auxiliary layer. The electrothermal layer can emit infrared radiation which is reflected by the reflective layer and enable infrared radiation emitted from one side of the electrothermal element. The auxiliary layer can increase the thermal uniformity of the electrothermal element and also convert the thermal energy of the electrothermal element itself into infrared radiation. It not only improves overall infrared emissivity of the electrothermal element but also reduces the temperature of the electrothermal element. This invention offers an effectively and rapidly warming up solution at selected local regions, no oxygen consumption and fan noise problems, and the electrothermal element can replace the traditional ceiling or be mounted directly on the wall, to solve the disadvantage of requiring space of the conventional electric heating device.

Abstract: A crossed-roller bearing includes an inner ring having a first periphery and a first raceway groove formed on the first periphery, the first raceway groove being provided with a complete first raceway surface and a complete second raceway surface; an outer ring sleeved onto the inner ring and having a second periphery, an insertion hole, and a second raceway groove formed on the second periphery and corresponding to the first raceway groove, the second raceway groove being provided with a third raceway surface and a fourth raceway surface, a receiving space being jointly defined by the first, second, third, and fourth raceway surfaces; and a plug, the insertion hole running through one of the third and fourth raceway surfaces to form a breakage therearound; a plurality of rollers mounted in the receiving space to fill the breakage; a plug mounted in the insertion hole and fills the breakage.

Abstract: A crossed-roller bearing includes an inner ring having a first periphery and a first raceway groove formed on the first periphery, the first raceway groove being provided with a complete first raceway surface and a complete second raceway surface; an outer ring sleeved onto the inner ring and having a second periphery, an insertion hole, and a second raceway groove formed on the second periphery and corresponding to the first raceway groove, the second raceway groove being provided with a third raceway surface and a fourth raceway surface, a receiving space being jointly defined by the first, second, third, and fourth raceway surfaces; and a gasket, the insertion hole running through one of the third and fourth raceway surface to form a breakage therearound; a plurality of rollers mounted in the receiving space to fill the breakge; a gasket mounted in the insertion hole and fills the breakage.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved structure for a fragile plate packaging and protection device, comprising: a box main body provided with an accommodating space, a bottom plate, two first fixing elements, two second fixing elements, and a plurality of buffer elements having gaps. Wherein, said bottom plate is provided in said accommodating space of said box main body, and is in contact with a bottom portion of said box main body; said two first fixing elements are provided in said accommodating space of said box main body face-to-face, and are disposed vertically at a bottom portion of said box main body; said two second fixing elements are disposed on said two first fixing elements respectively, thus ensuring better safety protection of said fragile plate in said box main body during transportation.

Abstract: A copy-limit pre-recorded CD (Compact Disc) and a copy-limit method protect the data recorded on the pre-recorded CD from copied onto a recordable CD. The pre-recorded CD (Compact Disc) includes a data area of the pre-recorded CD and an indivisible file. The storage capacity of a data area of the recordable CD is Z. The indivisible file is stored in the data area of the pre-recorded CD and has a file size Y which approximately ranges between Z+10 MB and Z+100 MB. The copying action is prohibited to proceed when the indivisible file with a size is larger than the storage capacity of the data area of a recordable CD is determined.

Abstract: A copy-limit pre-recorded CD (Compact Disc) and a copy-limit method protect the data recorded on the pre-recorded CD from copied onto a recordable CD. The pre-recorded CD (Compact Disc) includes a data area of the pre-recorded CD and an indivisible file. The storage capacity of a data area of the recordable CD is Z. The indivisible file is stored in the data area of the pre-recorded CD and has a file size Y which approximately ranges between Z+10 MB and Z+100 MB. The copying action is prohibited to proceed when the indivisible file with a size is larger than the storage capacity of the data area of a recordable CD is determined.