Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device includes a substrate and first and second spacers on the substrate. The semiconductor device includes a gate stack between the first and second spacers. The gate stack includes a gate dielectric layer having a first portion formed on the substrate and a second portion formed on the first and second spacers. The first portion includes a crystalline material and the second portion comprises an amorphous material. The gate stack further includes a gate electrode on the first and second portions of the gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: Transparent end-to-end freight management is disclosed. A system for transparent end-to-end freight management can include carrier devices, cargo endpoint devices, teleconnected containers, a container and transport parameter provisional allocation engine, a transparent container and transport parameter disposition engine, a freight forwarding oversight engine, a container maintenance engine, and national customs office devices. The system can also include a carrier datastore, a shipper datastore, a recipient datastore, a container datastore, a third party datastore, a mode/route datastore, a contract datastore, a transport state datastore, a container state datastore, and a third party state datastore.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purchasing goods via transnational shipping and its computer program product which assists users to evaluate the required vehicles (means of transportation), required time, and expenses during the shipping process of goods, and after confirmation of the route and the purchase, directly makes reservation for each vehicle. In this way, the user can see the required time and expenses for the shipping, and choose the most suitable route according to his/her own needs. Moreover, reservation is made automatically for each vehicle service provider. As a result, the complicated procedures for placing orders on translational goods are simplified for the user.