Abstract: A vehicle steering system has a steering handle as well as steered vehicle wheels connected with one another with respect to the effect at least in the normal operation only by way of a control device ("steer by wire") which compares the signals of a steering angle actual value generator operated by the vehicle wheels and of a steering angle desired value generator operated by the handle. The control device controls a motor used as a manual force adjuster which is coupled with the handle by way of a torsionally elastic shaft arrangement. The extent of the torsionally elastic deformation is analyzed for determining the actual value of the manual force.

Abstract: In a hydraulic power steering for a motor vehicle including a steering control element, a position setting means connected to the steering control element to be operated thereby, a control motor connected to the position setting means by way of a control circuit and a servo valve having control parts interconnected by a torsion bar so as to be retained in a predetermined position relative to each other, a hydraulic servo motor is operatively connected to the steered wheels of the motor vehicle and in communication with the servo valve such that hydraulic fluid is supplied to the hydraulic servo motor depending on the relative position of the control parts of the servo valve.

Abstract: A vehicle steering system is provided with a manually operable steering member and a hydraulically operated steering actuator unit operable to control the steering movements of at least one vehicle wheel in response to movement of the steering member. Steering forces are transmitted between the steering member and actuator unit by a pair of selectively engageable independent hydraulic circuits. A safety valve arrangement is operable to switch operation between the two circuits.

Abstract: A vehicle steering system that senses forces acting upon steered vehicle wheels to enable a control device to record introductions of disturbance variables from the road through the steered vehicle wheels without any time delay, and examine its plausibility by means of other input quantities. This permits a multi-redundant system, where the redundant signals or the redundant information determined from the signals originate from differently structured and arranged sensors. There is also the advantageous possibility that, as a function of forces active on the steered vehicles wheels, the control device controls or influences a manual force actuator without delay. This has the purpose of simulating or modulating, as a function of the respective driving conditions, an actuating force on the manual steering device or on the manual steering wheel which can be felt by the driver.

Abstract: A power steering system for automobiles has a mechanical drive connection between a steering device and a steering gear arrangement for steering of vehicle wheels. The drive connection can be separated by opening a connection. In that event, the steering device is connected to the steering gear arrangement only indirectly, in that only nominal values for the steering angle of the wheels steering the vehicle are specified as a function of the adjusting travel of and/or the adjusting speed of the steering device, and the servo motor is actuated by a separate control valve arrangement.

Abstract: An emergency backup steering system for a wheeled vehicle controls steering of the vehicle upon failure of the primary vehicle steering system, by unequal braking of wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle.

Abstract: In a hydraulically operated steering for a motor vehicle comprising a control motor with first and second double acting piston and cylinder units arranged in axial alignment and a single piston rod extending through the first and second double acting piston and cylinder units, at least one of the double acting piston and cylinder units includes an annular piston which is fastened on the pistons rod in a predetermined axial position and an annular divider wall is disposed between the pistons for slidably supporting the piston rod and separating the cylinders of said first and second double acting piston and cylinder units fluidically from one another so as to form cylinder chambers for said pistons limited at one side by an annular divider wall and by guide sleeve members disposed in the opposite ends of the cylinder units.

Abstract: In a steering system for the steered wheels of a vehicle having a steering device such as a steering wheel, a desired wheel angle position transmitter operatively connected to the steering device, a motorized actuating unit for steering the steered vehicle wheels, and a hand force controller operatively connected to the steering device for generating a steering device return force to be felt by a vehicle operator, the energization of the hand force controller is dependent on the sum of a first signal which depends on the actual position of the steering device and the vehicle speed and a second signal which depends on the rate of actuation of the steering device and the vehicle speed.

Abstract: A vehicle steering system has a desired-value generator arrangement which is actuated by a manual steering device. The desired-value generator arrangement is connected with a hydraulic actuating unit for the steered vehicle wheels by a regulating system. A modified PD control, along with taking a control segment into account, provides a precise operation of the actuating unit analogously to the operation of the manual steering device.

Abstract: A motor vehicle steering apparatus contains a user-operated steering angle input system with corresponding steering shaft as well as a piston-and-cylinder unit for coupling a steering angle setting system to the steering angle input system. The hydraulic unit comprises a piston-and-cylinder unit which is disposed with its longitudinal axis running transversely of the steering shaft, and its axially moving piston is coupled mechanically with the rotatory steering shaft and divides the cylinder into two working chambers. The two cylinder halves forming working chambers are disposed on opposite sides of the steering shaft. The piston is configured as a dual piston and is coupled to the steering shaft by a coupling section lying between its ends defining the working chambers. Thereby, a steering apparatus with a compact hydraulic coupling between the steering angle input system and the steering angle setting system is provided, with the ability to rotate the steering angle input system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic power steering system for motor vehicles, in the case of which the manual steering wheel is normally connected only by way of a control system with respect to the drive with a servomotor operating the steered vehicle wheels. In the event of a malfunctioning of the control system, a hydraulic forced coupling is automatically established between the servomotor and a hydraulic delivery unit which is constantly forcibly coupled with the steering handle, in order to form a "hydraulic linkage".

Abstract: A steering apparatus includes a user-actuable steering-angle input device with an associated steering shaft, a steering-angle setting device coupled nonmechanically to the steering-angle input device and a reaction torque device which is coupled to the steering shaft. The reaction torque device produces a reaction torque mechanically and has at least one element which can be deflected elastically in a linear manner and is coupled to the mechanism by a driver unit acting axle steering shaft. In certain embodiments, a steering-shaft pinion and a rack which is coupled to the latter serves as a piston rod for at least one piston that can be deflected elastically in a linear manner. The at least one piston is guided in axially moveable fashion in a cylinder and, together with the piston rod, forms the driver unit.

Abstract: A control motor is provided which steers the vehicle wheels via a steering gear and a hydraulic servo motor is operatively connected to the steered vehicle wheels for supporting the control motor in following the control movements of a steering means operated by a vehicle operator, a servo valve arrangement is provided which controls hydraulic fluid admission to the hydraulic servo motor such that hydraulic fluid is admitted to the hydraulic servo motor only when the steering forces transmitted through the steering gear exceed a predetermined threshold value so that the vehicle wheels are steered by the control motor only when the forces transmitted through the steering gear are below the threshold value.

Abstract: A steering system for non-track vehicles, and a method of controlling a steering transmission ratio of a non-track vehicle, in which the steering transmission ratio between the adjusting paths of the steering handle and the steered wheels is changed corresponding to a characteristic diagram as a function of the driving speed as well as of the adjusting paths of the steering handle or the steered wheels.

Abstract: A hydraulic power steering system is provided in which a manual steering device and the steering vehicle wheels are normally coupled only by way of a control path with a desired-value generator operated by the manual steering device and an actual-value generator operated by the steering vehicle wheels. For controlling a hydraulic servomotor used for the steering operation of the steering vehicle wheels, a servo valve arrangement is operated by a desired-value/actual-value comparison. Only when there is a disturbance in the control path, will a hydraulic forced coupling take place between the manual steering device and the steering vehicle wheels.

Abstract: In a hydraulic power steering for motor vehicles having a steering control element, a position setting unit connected to the steering control element, a control motor connected to the position setting unit by way of a control circuit and a servo valve having control parts which are supported so as to be rotatable relative to each other but operatively interconnected by spring means retaining them in a central open position relative to each other, one of the control parts is operatively connected to the control motor and the other is connected to a steering gear mechanism associated with the steered wheels of the motor vehicle, and a hydraulic servomotor is associated with the vehicle wheel steering mechanism and hydraulically connected to the servo valve to receive hydraulic fluid therefrom depending on the relative rotary positions of the servo valve control parts.

Abstract: In a reaction simulator for a control system, particularly a vehicle steering system, including a control handle, particularly a steering wheel, for providing a master set point value for a slave control structure, particularly the operating mechanism of a vehicle steering system, the reaction simulator comprises a return spring arrangement biasing the handle into a rest position and force generating means for applying forces to the handle for simulating direct coupling of the handle and the slave control structure.

Abstract: A fluidic, in particular a hydraulic, servosystem has an input which can be actuated at will and an output which is elastically drivingly connected thereto, with a relative movement made possible by the elastic connection and dependent on the magnitude of the forces or moments transmitted between the input and the output. The relative movement is transmitted, as between the input and the output setting stroke, to a servovalve which can additionally also be controlled externally for controlling a fluidic servomotor which is drivingly coupled to the output.

Abstract: Certain elements of a shelf and transportation system, in particular for gastronomic purposes, are described. Said system is based on a bearing structure with four vertical square columns (6) which are arranged in a square, onto which square columns different inserts (11) can be hooked, e.g. for plates (23). Said inserts (11) are frame structures with four feet and with retaining devices (10), for example in the form of horizontal rings. However, retaining devices for bottles, drinking glasses or other objects may also be mounted on the same frame structure. An expansion of the system consists in the fact that inserts are also provided which have horizontal bars seated at intervals above one another and serve in pairs as bearing shelves for trays or troughs. Furthermore, a wall holder is described, with the aid of which the inserts (11) can be hooked onto a wall in a sturdy manner.