Abstract: A device according to an embodiment may comprise a magneto-resistive structure comprising a magnetic free layer with a spontaneously generated in-plane closed flux magnetization pattern and a magnetic reference layer having a non-closed flux magnetization pattern.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a magnetic sensor device (500) comprising a magneto-resistive structure (501). The magneto-resistive structure (501) comprises a magnetic free layer (502) configured to spontaneously generate a closed flux magnetization pattern in the free layer (502). The magneto-resistive structure (500) also comprises a magnetic reference layer (506) having a non-closed flux reference magnetization pattern. The magnetic sensor device (500) further comprises a current generator (580) configured to generate an electric current in one or more layers of the magneto-resistive structure (501). The electric current has a non-zero directional component perpendicular to the reference magnetization pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnetic sensor device having at least one magneto-resistive structure. The magneto-resistive structure comprises a magnetic free layer configured to generate a closed flux magnetization pattern in the free layer, and a magnetic reference layer having non-closed flux reference magnetization pattern; and a magnetic flux concentrator configured to increase a flux density of an external magnetic field in the magnetic free layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnetic sensor device having at least one magneto-resistive structure. The magneto-resistive structure comprises a magnetic free layer configured to generate a closed flux magnetization pattern in the free layer, and a magnetic reference layer having non-closed flux reference magnetization pattern; and a magnetic flux concentrator configured to increase a flux density of an external magnetic field in the magnetic free layer.

Abstract: An embodiment relates to a magnetic sensor device (500) comprising a magneto-resistive structure (501). The magneto-resistive structure (501) comprises a magnetic free layer (502) configured to spontaneously generate a closed flux magnetization pattern in the free layer (502). The magneto-resistive structure (500) also comprises a magnetic reference layer (506) having a non-closed flux reference magnetization pattern. The magnetic sensor device (500) further comprises a current generator (580) configured to generate an electric current in one or more layers of the magneto-resistive structure (501). The electric current has a non-zero directional component perpendicular to the reference magnetization pattern.

Abstract: A device according to an embodiment may comprise a magneto-resistive structure comprising a magnetic free layer with a spontaneously generated in-plane closed flux magnetization pattern and a magnetic reference layer having a non-closed flux magnetization pattern.

Abstract: Optical measurement methods are described that are suitable for determining the relaxation behavior of nanoparticles dispersed in a solution. The particles have optically anisotropic properties and are alignable by an external stimulus, for example, an electric or magnetic field. In this manner the optical detection of certain molecules that can bind specifically to the surface of the nanoparticles and thus change the relaxation behavior of the nanoparticles as well as to provide devices for carrying out the methods is possible.

Abstract: A method records and transmits data between a transmission unit that has a first antenna and a measurement module which has a sensor for recording measured variables and converts the measured variables into electric signals. Data is bi-directionally transmitted between the measurement module and the transmission unit located within the near field of the measurement module by use of a second antenna that is arranged on the measurement module. The electromagnetic energy of the signal that is applied to the second antenna is transformed and temporarily stored by a reception unit which is arranged downstream of the second antenna. The first antenna of the transmission unit is put in an inactive state at least during the time the measured variables are sensed by the measurement module or the sensors.

Abstract: A resonator element for the absorption and/or conversion of electromagnetic waves having a predefined wavelength, in particular infrared radiation having a wavelength of 2 ?m to 200 ?m, into heat, has a three-layer structure formed of a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a dielectric layer interposed between the two metal layers. The maximum lateral dimension of the layers is in the range between one quarter and a half of the predefined wavelength.

Abstract: A miniature sensor for detecting acceleration and deceleration processes has at least one bar-like spring element which is formed by a nanowire, which is connected by one end to the detector substrate and projects from the latter and which preferably carries at its free end a coating emitting a permanent magnetic stray field, or a nanoparticle of this type, wherein the nanowire and magnetic stray field coating, or mass, together form the inertial mass. A magnetic field detection layer composed, for example, of magnetoresistive material, is disposed at least in the region near the connected end of the nanowire. The substrate is preferably provided with such a layer which preferably, for its part, as sensor component forms a constituent part of a magnetic field detection unit.

Abstract: A resonator element for the absorption and/or conversion of electromagnetic waves having a predefined wavelength, in particular infrared radiation having a wavelength of 2 ?m to 200 ?m, into heat, has a three-layer structure formed of a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a dielectric layer interposed between the two metal layers. The maximum lateral dimension of the layers is in the range between one quarter and a half of the predefined wavelength.

Abstract: A method records and transmits data between a transmission unit that has a first antenna and a measurement module which has a sensor for recording measured variables and converts the measured variables into electric signals. Data is bi-directionally transmitted between the measurement module and the transmission unit located within the near field of the measurement module by use of a second antenna that is arranged on the measurement module. The electromagnetic energy of the signal that is applied to the second antenna is transformed and temporarily stored by a reception unit which is arranged downstream of the second antenna. The first antenna of the transmission unit is put in an inactive state at least during the time the measured variables are sensed by the measurement module or the sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a miniature sensor for detecting acceleration and deceleration processes, which is characterized—in that it comprises at least one bar-like spring element which is formed by a nanowire (2), which is connected by one end (21) to the detector substrate (5) and projects from the latter and which preferably carries at it free end (22) a coating (3?) emitting a permanent magnetic stray field (ms), or a nanoparticle (3) of this type, wherein the nanowire and magnetic stray field coating, or mass, together form the inertial mass, and—in that a magnetic field detection layer (4), e.g. composed of magnetoresistive material, is arranged at least in the region near the connected end (21) of the nanowire (2),—wherein the substrate is preferably provided with such a layer which preferably, for its part, as sensor component forms a constituent part of a magnetic field detection unit (7).

Abstract: Optical measurement methods are described that are suitable for determining the relaxation behavior of nanoparticles dispersed in a solution. The particles have optically anisotropic properties and are alignable by an external stimulus, for example, an electric or magnetic field. In this manner the optical detection of certain molecules that can bind specifically to the surface of the nanoparticles and thus change the relaxation behavior of the nanoparticles as well as to provide devices for carrying out the methods is possible.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for homogeneously magnetizing an exchange-coupled layer system of a digital magnetic memory cell device comprising an AAF layer system and an antiferromagnetic layer that exchange-couples a layer of the AAF layer system, characterized in that, given a defined direction of magnetization of the antiferromagnetic layer, the magnetic layers of the AAF layer system are saturated in a magnetic field and, afterward, the position of the direction of the antiferromagnetic layer magnetization and the direction of the saturating magnetic field relative to one another is changed, so that they are at an angle ? of 0°<?<180° relative to one another, after which the saturating magnetic field is switched off.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for homogeneously magnetizing an exchange-coupled layer system of a digital magnetic memory cell device comprising an AAF layer system and an antiferromagnetic layer that exchange-couples a layer of the AAF layer system, characterized in that, given a defined direction of magnetization of the antiferromagnetic layer, the magnetic layers of the AAF layer system are saturated in a magnetic field and, afterward, the position of the direction of the antiferromagnetic layer magnetization and the direction of the saturating magnetic field relative to one another is changed, so that they are at an angle ? of 0°<?<180 ° relative to one another, after which the saturating magnetic field is switched off.

Abstract: A process which allows effective application or removal of materials to and from substrates using a scanning probe microscope operated at atmospheric pressure. The substrate is placed in a trough, located on the x-y table of a scanning probe microscope (SXM), and this trough is filled with a liquid and/or gaseous medium up to a level such that the top side of the substrate is covered with a thin layer, composed of at least one monolayer of the medium. For depositing a structured precipitate from the medium or for structuring etching of the surface of the substrate, the microtip of the SXM is then dipped into the layer and supplied with an electric voltage or with voltage pulses. The process can be used for applying or removing materials to and from substrates. The process is also usable for characterization of the geometry and for restoration or the production of microtips of SXM cantilevers, as well as for storing information, for reading information and for erasing information.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production or treatment of semiconductor or other solid components, especially to a method for directly nano-structuring amorphous carbonlayers. According to the invention, a local, field-induced reaction is activated in the carbon with an electrically conductive or semiconducting probe. Said probe is positioned at a distance from the amorphous carbon layer or is passed over said amorphous carbon layer at a distance. The distance must be such that the electrical conduction mechanism ‘field emission’ or ‘tunnelling’ can still occur. An electrical voltage is applied to said probe in relation to the layer at the points where recesses are to be made in the layer or the layer is to be removed. This process alone produces the desired structure without any further technical steps.