Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a product comprising a living Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacterium combined with lactose, particularly with a lactose-based medium, for the production of a medicament or a food supplement in order to treat a patient suffering from atopic dermatitis, in which said bacterium can ferment the lactose. In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the bacterium used originates from strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35 and is used as a probiotic combined with a prebiotic that is, for example, based on lactose and optional metabolites resulting from the fermentation of the bacterium on the culture medium thereof, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children.