Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine door (2), comprising a door frame (10) having an opening (20), at least three door segments (30), and an actuating means (40), wherein the actuating means (40) can adjust the at least three door segments (30) from a position in the door frame (10) that clears the opening (20) to a position out of the door frame (10) that closes the opening (20). In addition, the present invention relates to a machine (1) having such a machine door (2).

Abstract: A device for generating a virtual network user that can be used, for data protection purposes, as a pseudonym by which a physical person or legal entity can gain access to the Internet and engage services that can be implemented via the network. The network user is defined by a freely specifiable combination of real and/or arbitrarily specifiable attributes. The input of these attributes into the network access device (PC) of the user activates a transformation system which facilitates the generation of the data flows that implement the virtual network user and that can be saved with the temporal sequence of the data flow in a storage device of the transformation system. An access system allocated to an independent authority is provided, which upon activation can initiate the readout of such data from a memory allocated to the storage device of the transformation system.

Abstract: A device for generating a virtual network user that can be used, for data protection purposes, as a pseudonym by which a physical person or legal entity can gain access to the Internet and engage services that can be implemented via the network. The network user is defined by a freely specifiable combination of real and/or arbitrarily specifiable attributes. The input of these attributes into the network access device (PC) of the user activates a transformation system which facilitates the generation of the data flows that implement the virtual network user and that can be saved with the temporal sequence of the data flow in a storage device of the transformation system. An access system allocated to an independent authority is provided, which upon activation can initiate the readout of such data from a memory allocated to the storage device of the transformation system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating bulk material which contains carbon and impurities. According to the invention, bulk material is directly heated inductively inside a reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering lithium from a starting material comprising lithium. According to the invention, the starting material is heated with carbon in a reactor by carrying out direct inductive heating of the carbon.

Abstract: A device for generating a virtual network user that can be used, for data protection purposes, as a pseudonym by which a physical person or legal entity can gain access to the Internet and engage services that can be implemented via the network. The network user is defined by a freely specifiable combination of real and/or arbitrarily specifiable attributes. The input of these attributes into the network access device (PC) of the user activates a transformation system which facilitates the generation of the data flows that implement the virtual network user and that can be saved with the temporal sequence of the data flow in a storage device of the transformation system. An access system allocated to an independent authority is provided, which upon activation can initiate the readout of such data from a memory allocated to the storage device of the transformation system.

Abstract: A distribution system for providing data of at least one service between a first network unit and at least one second network unit over a communication network includes a receiver unit and a transmitter unit in the first network unit, and a processing unit in the first network unit. The processing unit is configured to compare a request to provide data of at least one service by the at least one second network unit with at least one stored policy, and to transmit the requested data of at least one service as a function of the comparison result to the at least one second network unit. The system includes further at least one memory unit configured to store the at least one policy and the data of a service.

Abstract: Methods for protecting data signals which are being transmitted via optical conductors are disclosed. At least one operational optical conductor set that is connected at both ends to optical switching devices is provided for the purpose of bi-directional transmission of the data signals. A stand-by optical conductor set is also connected at both ends to the optical switching devices. In the event of interference on at least one optical conductor of the operational optical conductor set, such as a signal failure determined at the receiving end, there is a switchover at the receiving end from the respective operational optical conductor set to the stand-by optical conductor set. Consequently, there is a signal failure at the opposite end, and immediately thereupon there is also a similar switchover at the opposite end to the stand-by optical conductor set.

Abstract: In a transparent fiber-optic communication network with several central systems that are interconnected by optical fibers, to which systems at least one decentralized system is connected via two optical feed fibers, at least one first and at least one second optical fiber are connected to the decentralized optical system by a first and a second optical feed fiber in an optically transparent manner through a monitoring equipment of the central system.

Abstract: A central equipment is connected by at least two optical fibers to a decentralized optical equipment and the central equipment creates an optical auxiliary signal which is transmitted together with an optical payload signal from the central equipment to the decentralized equipment. The optical auxiliary signal that is received in the decentralized optical equipment is rerouted and transmitted back to the central optical equipment via another optical fiber in addition to a second payload signal, and the reception of the optical auxiliary signal is optically monitored in the central optical equipment to determine if there is a breakage in either one of the fibers extending to the unit.

Abstract: In a communication network, a logical connections is realized by defined connection paths, with each connection containing at least one connection segment path, whereby a working connection path routed by a “star point” network node and a geographically different substitute connection path routed by another “star point” network node are provided for each connection. In addition, through-switching means are provided in the “star point” network nodes for the switching through of the connections, respectively, by the working connection path and the substitute connection path.

Abstract: In an optical plug-type connection between two optical conductors having an optical terminal which receives an optical plug-type member, an electrical connection is provided for verifying that the optical plug-type connection has been made and/or released. This verification reduces the likelihood of an optical plug-type connection being erroneously acquired in the network management system and, thus, significantly reduces problems in locating errors in the optical communication system.

Abstract: A controllable optical switching module (OSM) has at least N optical inputs (i1 to iN) and at least N optical outputs (e1 to eN) for selectively switching through optical signals (os1 to osN), with a respective optical signal (os1 to osN) being able to be switched through from an optical input (i1 to iN) via a respective switching point (SP) in a switching matrix (SM) to an optical output (e1 to eN) using a control unit (CU). The order of the arrangement of the optical inputs (i1 to iN) is determined by virtue of the respective attenuation (A1 to AN) produced when the optical signals (os1 to osN) are switched through from an optical input (i1 to iN) via a switching point (SP) to an optical output (e1 to eN) increasing or decreasing from the first to the Nth optical input (i1 to iN).