Abstract: Sizing agents of which some are novel and which have at least one anionic or acidic group which is optionally in the form of a salt and at least two hydrophobic substituents which each have at least 5 carbon atoms, at least two of the most adjacent hydrophobic substituents being bonded to each other with a linking member which has at least 2 hetero atoms, are particularly suitable for use, together with commercially available polymeric, cationic retention aids, in a process for sizing paper or cardboard.

Abstract: A hair-setting preparation which contains(1) a solution of at least one terpolymer in an anhydrous or water-containing organic solvent, the terpolymer having been prepared by the copolymerization of(a) an N-alkylacrylamide or N-alkylmethacrylamide having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, with(b) a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl ester or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and with(c) an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated moncarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, and at least 50% of the carboxyl groups in the terpolymer having been neutralized by a lower organic base, and(2) a propellent which consists of at least 30% by weight, based on the total propellent, of a halogen-free propellent gas, in particular a hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Sizing agents devoid of anhydride groups, some of which are known and others are novel compounds, and which carry a single N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl(or alkenyl)amide group as hydrophobic substituent and at least one anionic group, in particular N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkyl or N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkenyl partial amides of a dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid or sulfocarboxylic acid, or the salts thereof, are particularly suitable, together with commercially available retention aids, for use in a process for pulp-sizing paper or cardboard at a pH of at least 6.5 of the fibre suspension, in the absence of e.g. aluminium sulfate, or in a process for surface-sizing paper.

Abstract: Anionic sizing agents containing anhydride groups, which are novel compounds and which contain a single N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 di(alkyl- or alkenyl)amido group, a N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 (alkyl- or alkenyl)amido group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -(alkyl or alkenyl) ester group as hydrophobic substituent, and at least one anionic group in acid or salt form, in particular the anhydride of a N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkylamido- or N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkenylamidocarboxylic acid, the anhydride of a N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkylamido- or N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkenylamidocarboxylic acid, or the C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl ester or C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkenyl ester of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride or a salt thereof, are particularly suitable, together with commerically available retention aids, for use in a process for pulp-sizing or surface-sizing paper or cardboard.

Abstract: Sizing agents which are novel compounds and have at least one anionic or acidic group which is optionally in salt form and at least two hydrophobic substituents of which at least two of the most adjacent ones are bonded to each other with a bridging member which has at least 1 carbon atom and 2 hetero atoms, at least one sulfur atom being present as hetero atom, in particular sulfimides or bisulfimides of fatty acid derivatives, are highly suitable for use, together with commercially available retention aids, in a process for sizing paper or cardboard.

Abstract: Sizing agents, which are novel compounds and contain at least one anionic or acidic sulfonylcarbonylimide group which may be in salt form and at least two hydrophobic substituents of which at least two are linked to each other through a bridge member of the formula --CO--NH--A.sub.1 --(SO.sub.2 --NH--CO).sub.t, where A.sub.1 is a divalent or trivalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, and t is 1 or 2, are particularly suitable, together with commercially available retention aids, for use in a process for sizing paper or cardboard.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactant, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactant, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactand, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 and 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of web combing.

Abstract: Novel copolymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or form microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and at least one other acrylic comonomer and reaction with an anionic optionally zwitterionic surfactant, ion exchange taking place, and has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent by weight of the copolymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, hair treated according to the invention having excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, ease of wet combing.

Abstract: Mixtures which contain(a) polymeric ammonium salts which are soluble or give microemulsions in aqueous surfactant systems and which can be obtained by water-in-oil emulsion polymerization or solution polymerization of a quaternary ammonium salt of the acrylic acid series and optionally at least one other acrylic monomer, and which has a molecular weight distribution of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9, the molecular weight of at least 5 percent of the polymer being 10.sup.7 to 10.sup.9, and(b) a non-ionic surfactant or a surfactant with one positive and one negative charge within the molecule, can be used as cosmetics, in particular as hair cosmetics, the hair treated according to the invention having an excellent ease of dry combing and, in particular, wet combing.

Abstract: Novel phthalimides substituted by alkenylamino groups, processes for their preparation and hot-curable mixtures which are stable on storage and contain at least one phthalimide according to the invention and a polyimide which has at least two groupings containing a C.dbd.C double bond are described. These hot-curable mixtures which are stable on storage are distinguished by improved processing characteristics, in particular a prolonged pot life, and are suitable for the production of various mouldings and especially also for the production of complicated castings.

Abstract: Novel phthalic acid derivatives, especially phthalic anhydrides, which are substituted by alkenylamino groups, and a process for their preparation are described. The novel phthalic acid derivatives are valuable intermediates for the preparation of corresponding esters, ester-amides or imides, which, in turn, are used in hot-curable mixtures which are stable on storage and have improved processing characteristics, in particular a prolonged pot life, for the production of mouldings of various types. Phthalic anhydrides substituted by alkenylamino groups, according to the invention, are also suitable as curing agents for epoxide resins. Products or materials cured therewith are distinguished by good mechanical and/or electrical properties.

Abstract: Novel phthalic acid diesters or ester-amides substituted by alkenylamino groups, processes for their preparation and hot-curable mixtures which are stable on storage and contain at least one phthalic acid diester according to the invention or a phthalic acid ester-amide according to the invention and a polyimide which has at least two groupings containing a C.dbd.C double bond are described. These hot-curable mixtures which are stable on storage are distinguished by improved processing characteristics, in particular a prolonged pot life, and are suitable for the production of various mouldings and especially also for the production of complicated castings.

Abstract: Fibre-reactive anthraquinone dyestuffs are disclosed which are of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y represent independently of each other hydrogen or SO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+,Z represents a fibre-reactive radical bound to -NH- directly or via a bridging member selected from carbonyl, sulphonyl or carbonylimino; and forming with the substrate especially polyamide or cellulose at least one covalent bond, andM.sup.+ represents one equivalent of a colorless cation.These dyestuffs are useful for the pad-dyeing and printing of organic materials, especially materials made from polyamide or cellulose.The resulting dyeings are distinguished by excellent fastness to wet processing such as, in particular to washing, water, perspiration, alkali and rubbing, as well as by a good fastness to light.