Abstract: The invention relates to a stirring device (1) which has at least one stirring element (4) which is driven by a stirring drive (2), contacts a stirring medium (3) in the use position, can be moved relative to the stirring drive (2) and to the stirring medium (3), and can be at least partly immersed into the stirring medium (3) in the use position. The invention is characterized in that stirring drive (2) is arranged in the interior of the stirring element (4). The stirring device (1) is and/or can be supported by the stirring medium (3), in particular without a holder and/or without a stand, whereby a separate mounting, a stand for a stirring element and/or for a stirring drive, and/or a stirring drive housing can be omitted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stirring device (1) which has at least one stirring element (4) which is driven by a stirring drive (2), contacts a stirring medium (3) in the use position, can be moved relative to the stirring drive (2) and to the stirring medium (3), and can be at least partly immersed into the stirring medium (3) in the use position. The invention is characterized in that stirring drive (2) is arranged in the interior of the stirring element (4). The stirring device (1) is and/or can be supported by the stirring medium (3), in particular without a holder and/or without a stand, whereby a separate mounting, a stand for a stirring element and/or for a stirring drive, and/or a stirring drive housing can be omitted.

Abstract: To cool a digestion vessel (2) of a calorimeter (3) by means of a liquid coolant, a recess (4) over which the digestion vessel (2) is invented during the cooling possess and which has one or more ports (10) for a cooling liquid by means of which the inside of the digestion vessel (2) is wetted in such a way that the coolant runs down over part or the entireties of this inside of the digestion vessel (2) so as to remove the heat thereof is provided.

Abstract: A combustion calorimeter (1) has a housing (6) and therein a detachably mounted decomposition vessel (2) with sample holder (11) and ignition apparatus (12) in its reaction chamber (3). The wall (4) of the decomposition vessel (2) and also the upper decomposition wall (5) here have in the vertical use position a wall thickness that increases from the bottom to the top in order to conduct the heat generated in a combustion process if possible into the upper region of the decomposition vessel (2), where also at least one temperature sensor (7) can be arranged. Owing to the increase in thickness of the delimitation of the internal or reaction space (3), the heat can be distributed therein more favorably.

Abstract: A rotary evaporator (1) having a cooler (6), wherein temperature sensors (15, 17) are disposed in the inlet (14) and outlet (16) of the coolant into or out of the cooler (6), and a volume flow rate of the coolant through the cooler (6) is determined. The initiation or termination of condensation in the cooler (6) is derived from an increase or decrease in the difference of the temperatures (X) at the temperature sensors (15, 17). The volume of the condensed distillate (10) is determined from the difference in temperatures (X), and a distillation volume control is performed. By regulating the heating power of the heater (11) and/or the pressure in the system, the loading of the cooler (6) is controlled as a function of the difference in temperatures (X).

Abstract: A combustion calorimeter (1) has a housing (6) and therein a detachably mounted decomposition vessel (2) with sample holder (11) and ignition apparatus (12) in its reaction chamber (3). The wall (4) of the decomposition vessel (2) and also the upper decomposition wall (5) here have in the vertical use position a wall thickness that increases from the bottom to the top in order to conduct the heat generated in a combustion process if possible into the upper region of the decomposition vessel (2), where also at least one temperature sensor (7) can be arranged. Owing to the increase in thickness of the delimitation of the internal or reaction space (3), the heat can be distributed therein more favourably.

Abstract: To cool a digestion vessel (2) of a calorimeter (3) by means of a liquid coolant, a recess (4) over which the digestion vessel (2) is invented during the cooling possess and which has one or more ports (10) for a cooling liquid by means of which the inside of the digestion vessel (2) is wetted in such a way that the coolant runs down over part or the entireties of this inside of the digestion vessel (2) so as to remove the heat thereof is provided.

Abstract: A calorimeter (1) with a decomposition chamber (3) with a combustion chamber (2), in which a receiving device (4) for a sample, an ignition device (5), and at least one supply line (6) for oxygen are provided. The decomposition chamber (3) is surrounded by a liquid or water jacket (7) into which at least one temperature sensor (8) extends. The liquid or water jacket (7) is surrounded by an outer container (9), which is a pressure container and which absorbs pressure generated during the combustion of a sample in the decomposition chamber (3) at the walls (10) thereof as a result of a tight sliding fit (15) by way of the water or the incompressible liquid. The decomposition chamber (3) therefore has an accordingly thin wall so that the heat generated during combustion of a sample can reach the temperature sensor or sensors (8) quickly.

Abstract: A rotary evaporator (1) having a cooler (6), wherein temperature sensors (15, 17) are disposed in the inlet (14) and outlet (16) of the coolant into or out of the cooler (6), and a volume flow rate of the coolant through the cooler (6) is determined. The initiation or termination of condensation in the cooler (6) is derived from an increase or decrease in the difference of the temperatures (X) at the temperature sensors (15, 17). The volume of the condensed distillate (10) is determined from the difference in temperatures (X), and a distillation volume control is performed. By regulating the heating power of the heater (11) and/or the pressure in the system, the loading of the cooler (6) is controlled as a function of the difference in temperatures (X).

Abstract: A calorimeter (1) with a decomposition chamber (3) with a combustion chamber (2), in which a receiving device (4) for a sample, an ignition device (5), and at least one supply line (6) for oxygen are provided. The decomposition chamber (3) is surrounded by a liquid or water jacket (7) into which at least one temperature sensor (8) extends. The liquid or water jacket (7) is surrounded by an outer container (9), which is a pressure container and which absorbs pressure generated during the combustion of a sample in the decomposition chamber (3) at the walls (10) thereof as a result of a tight sliding fit (15) by way of the water or the incompressible liquid. The decomposition chamber (3) therefore has an accordingly thin wall so that the heat generated during combustion of a sample can reach the temperature sensor or sensors (8) quickly.

Abstract: A water bath accommodating a calorimetric bomb (2) for measuring the combustion heat of substances with the aid of a calorimeter. The inner tank (3) is enclosed by an outer container (5) forming a water jacket and is shielded from the environment. If several measurements are conducted subsequently, the water found in the inner tank (3) and heated above its initial value through the combustion process taking place in connection with a previous measurement can be at least partially transferred into the outer container (5) with a second or other succeeding measurement prior to conducting it so that at least a part of the combustion heat of the preceding measurement can be used for heating up at least the water jacket in the outer container (5) in connection with the next measurement. Consequently, energy for tempering the water in the water jacket and/or in the water bath can be saved.

Abstract: A water bath accommodating a calorimetric bomb (2) for measuring the combustion heat of substances with the aid of a calorimeter. The inner tank (3) is enclosed by an outer container (5) forming a water jacket and is shielded from the environment. If several measurements are conducted subsequently, the water found in the inner tank (3) and heated above its initial value through the combustion process taking place in connection with a previous measurement can be at least partially transferred into the outer container (5) with a second or other succeeding measurement prior to conducting it so that at least a part of the combustion heat of the preceding measurement can be used for heating up at least the water jacket in the outer container (5) in connection with the next measurement. Consequently, energy for tempering the water in the water jacket and/or in the water bath can be saved.

Abstract: A calorimetric measuring apparatus is provided with a decomposition vessel whose interior is configured as a reaction chamber and which can be tightly sealed, the decomposition vessel being removably arranged inside a jacket, and having at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature reached inside the decomposition vessel. Characteristic of the measuring apparatus is that the jacket has a measuring vessel which accommodates the decomposition vessel; at least some areas of the wall zone of this measuring vessel comprise a heat-conductive material; the inner walls of this measuring vessel are spaced from the outer walls of the decomposition vessel, thereby forming an interspace in which a gaseous intermediate medium is provided; and the measuring apparatus has at least a second temperature sensor for measuring the temperature change establishing itself in the heat-conductive wall zone of the measuring vessel.