Abstract: In a mechanism for driving motor vehicles having a synchromesh gearbox with a friction clutch for each of two power branches with at least four power shiftable speeds and consecutive speeds are alternatively present on each one of the two power branches. Each friction clutch is a wet disc clutch with its inner discs having continuous radial grooves for a cooling oil flow supplied from a bore in a shaft. A switch piston shuts off the flow of cooling oil when the friction clutch is disengaged or almost completely disengaged. A prestressed cup spring in a compensating cylinder serves as a strong return spring thereby accelerating disengagement or delaying engagement of the friction clutch. Corrugated spring rings, axially situated between the inner discs and radially within the outer discs, serve as additional return springs. The wet clutch operates as a dry clutch and only has a low torque when it is disengaged.

Abstract: Powershift transmission especially for tractors, constructed in sections with a multispeed main transmission, a reversing transmission and a range-change transmission with synchronizing clutches, with two power branches having two additional friction clutches which are structurally connected to a double clutch arranged coaxially with the free gears of the main transmission and axial between these free gears.

Abstract: In all-wheel drives having a clutch (12) automatically form-locking upon speed or torque uniformity, the driver can keep them engaged or disengaged as desired, for instance, during the actuation of the service brake (13) or during special uses, or when moving in reverse, and thereby automatic disengagement is prevented and the action of the motor brake over all wheels (10,11) can concomitantly be ensured. The adjusting device (14) used therefor can be directly designed as a shaft brake and directly assembled with the clutch (12) so that a twofold use is achieved and the brake (13) of the vehicle is protected (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A forced cooling friction brake or clutch apparatus which has a plate stack of interleaved plates including at least one plate rotatable with a shaft and axially shiftable thereon, and at least one plate axially shiftable on a housing. A pressure plate is axially juxtaposed with the stack and axially shiftable on the housing and defines a pressurizable compartment which can be subjected to fluid pressure to urge the pressure plate against the stack. An annular carrier on the shaft inwardly of the stack engages plates of the stack rotatable with the shaft, the carrier having an annular cavity opening axially to one side thereof and being formed with radial passages communicating with the cavity and opening toward the stack. A coolant channel is formed in the housing and opens toward the side of the carrier and into the cavity for delivering a forced flow of a coolant thereto.

Abstract: A friction clutch or brake includes at least one friction disk which is engageable by a piston to provide a braking effect of the disk. In order to cool the friction disk when the piston engages with the disk, a valve arrangement is arranged which injects oil onto the disk and through an opening provided in the disks. The actuation of the valve arrangement is provided in response to the piston, i.e. when the piston is moved towards the brake disks, the valve arrangement opens a channel through which the oil is injected toward the disks. In order to avoid a collection of oil in the vicinity of the disks after the braking action is terminated, the disks are provided with a toothed profile which discharges continuously oil to an external space and thus away from the friction disk. Thus no drag moments occur which are caused through oil adhering between the friction areas.