Abstract: This invention provides a laser or high voltage switch which has two spaced apart main discharge electrodes which define between them a main discharge gap, a discharge inducing member that is of an insulating material and which provides a planar or curved trigger discharge surface adjacent the electrodes and partially or completely bridging the main discharge gap, and an auxiliary conductor on the other side of the discharge inducing member to the main discharge electrodes and capacitively coupled to one of them by a distributed stray capacitance, such that when an excitation pulse is applied across the main discharge electrodes an initial capacitively initiated low order trigger discharge occurs onto the trigger discharge surface, and preferably across the surface from one main discharge electrode to the other. This trigger discharge photo-ionises a gas in the main discharge gap to cause a glow discharge between the main electrodes.

Abstract: This invention provides a transversely excited travelling-wave gas laser in which the excitation pulse is shaped by a pair of elongate electrodes, the separation of which varies along their length. The separation is ideally determined empirically. Preferably, the laser has a pair of main discharge electrodes having a constant separation between which the lasing discharge occurs, and a pair of timing electrodes electrically in series with the main discharge electrodes, the separation of which varies such that the discharge between the timing electrodes provides a sharpened pulse that arrives along the main electrodes in such a manner as to obtain a travelling wave laser discharge. The main and timing electrodes are preferably segmented. The separation of the electrodes is determined empirically by bringing successive portions of the main discharge electrodes into alignment and varying the separation of corresponding portions of the timing electrodes to obtain the required timing characteristics.