Abstract: An interface system includes separate optical and mechanical interfaces between opto-electronic devices and fibers. This allows each of these components to be optimized for their particular function. The mechanical interface includes an aperture through which light is transmitted between the fibers and optical element on the optical interface. Protruding features on the optical interface mate with the aperture in the mechanical interface to align the optics block with the mechanical interface.

Abstract: An interface system includes separate optical and mechanical interfaces between opto-electronic devices and fibers. This allows each of these components to be optimized for their particular function. The mechanical interface includes an aperture through which light is transmitted between the fibers and optical element on the optical interface. Protruding features on the optical interface mate with the aperture in the mechanical interface to align the optics block with the mechanical interface.

Abstract: An integrated optical apparatus includes an optically transparent substrate with a light source and a detector mounted adjacent thereto. The substrate includes an optical element in a transmit path from the light source to a remote target. The optical element splits the light into more than one beam. A detector receives beams reflected by the target. All optical elements needed to create the more then one beam, direct the more than one beam onto the target and direct the more than one beam from the target to the detector are on the substrate and/or any structure bonded to the substrate. Preferably, the optical element provides sufficient separation between the more than one beam such that each beam is delivered to a unique respective light detecting element of the detector. The return path from the remote target to the detector may include an optical element for each beam or no optical elements. An additional substrate may be included and bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: An integrated micro-optical system includes at least two wafers with at least two optical elements provided on respective surfaces of the at least two wafers. An active element having a characteristic which changes in response to an applied field may be integrated on a bottom surface of the wafers. The resulting optical system may present a high numerical aperture. Preferably, one of the optical elements is a refractive element formed in a material having a high index of refraction.

Abstract: An integrated micro-optical system includes at least two wafers with at least two optical elements provided on respective surfaces of the at least two wafers. An active element having a characteristic which changes in response to an applied field may be integrated on a bottom surface of the wafers. The resulting optical system may present a high numerical aperture. Preferably, one of the optical elements is a refractive element formed in a material having a high index of refraction.

Abstract: A substrate having an optical element on an input surface thereof receives a light beam not having a desired beam shape and shapes the light beam into a predetermined intensity distribution. The substrate may further include a second optical element for providing a predetermined phase pattern to the light beam provided by the first optical element. The first optical element may, for example, circularize an elliptical light beam using a soft aperture for differential power attenuation or by altering the divergence of the light beam along the different axes of the light beam. When the divergence angles are altered and the collimating optical element is provided on the output surface, the thickness of the transparent substrate is determined in accordance with a resultant difference in the divergence and/or with the initial difference in beam size along each axis and with a required circularity.

Abstract: An integrated optical apparatus includes an optically transparent substrate with a light source and a detector mounted adjacent thereto. The substrate includes an optical element in a transmit path from the light source to a remote target. The optical element splits the light into more than one beam. A detector receives beams reflected by the target. All optical elements needed to create the more then one beam, direct the more than one beam onto the target and direct the more than one beam from the target to the detector are on the substrate and/or any structure bonded to the substrate. Preferably, the optical element provides sufficient separation between the more than one beam such that each beam is delivered to a unique respective light detecting element of the detector. The return path from the remote target to the detector may include an optical element for each beam or no optical elements. An additional substrate may be included and bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: A diffusing function and a lens function are provided on a single surface. Such a structure may be formed from a computer generated hologram including free form regions having a phase shift associated therewith, i.e., the computer generated hologram being shifted within the free form regions by the phase shift relative to the computer generated hologram outside the free form regions. When the computer generated hologram includes zero and .pi. regions, the zero and .pi. regions may be transposed within the free form regions.

Abstract: An integrated micro-optical system includes at least two wafers with at least two optical elements provided on respective surfaces of the at least two wafers. An active element having a characteristic which changes in response to an applied field may be integrated on a bottom surface of the wafers. The resulting optical system may present a high numerical aperture. Preferably, one of the optical elements is a refractive element formed in a material having a high index of refraction.

Abstract: A soft aperture allows gradual attenuation of a light beam dependent upon its location away from the center of a diffractive optical element. Such an optical element may be provided by decreasing a number of phase levels, increasing a number of phase levels, increasing a density of metal patches or diffractive gratings, or decreasing a blaze height and/or duty cycle, all radially from the center. Alternatively, the soft aperture may be defined by a photolithographic process. Such a soft aperture is particularly useful in aiding circularizing of an elliptical light beam. The soft aperture may be used alone or integrated with other optical elements.

Abstract: An optical element is formed as a body having two layers, at least on of which is transmissive to a selected wavelength of a light of illumination. One layer is formed with a first surface relief optical formation as a boundary thereof, and the other layer is formed on the boundary so as to have an adjacent boundary that is a second surface relief optical formation that is the conjugate of the first surface relief optical formation. The other layer also has further optical features on a surface opposite the adjacent boundary. The formation and features are preferably diffractive. The further optical features opposite the adjacent boundary is preferably a compensated conjugate of the formation at the adjacent boundary.

Abstract: An optical bidirectional link comprising: a module having a lower surface and an upper surface. The upper surface having disposed thereon a submodule having an optical transmitter and detector mounted thereon. Circuitry mounted on the upper surface. The circuitry having electronic components for effecting bidirectional communication via the optical transmitter and detector. A cover disposed over the upper surface of the module, wherein the submodule further comprises a silicon substrate having an optical fiber disposed in v-groove, a laser, reflective surfaces, and a holographic plate disposed on an upper surface of the silicon substrate.

Abstract: An integrated optical apparatus includes an optically transparent substrate with a light source and a detector mounted adjacent thereto. The substrate includes an optical element in a transmit path from the light source to a remote target. The optical element splits the light into more than one beam. A detector receives beams reflected by the target. All optical elements needed to create the more then one beam, direct the more than one beam onto the target and direct the more than one beam from the target to the detector are on the substrate and/or any structure bonded to the substrate. Preferably, the optical element provides sufficient separation between the more than one beam such that each beam is delivered to a unique respective light detecting element of the detector. The return path from the remote target to the detector may include an optical element for each beam or no optical elements. An additional substrate may be included and bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: A combiner for combining light traveling on two optical paths to permit coincident viewing of the light includes a light-transmissive substrate having first and second surfaces, the first surface having a first diffractive structure that is a computer-generated hologram formed thereon configured to correct aberrations in light travelling on the first optical path which may be incident on the first surface and a partially reflective coating on the first diffractive structure, the partially reflective coating being reflective in a narrow bandwidth only, the first diffractive structure and the partially reflective coating configured to provide corrected reflection to light travelling on the first optical path, the second surface having a second diffractive structure that is a computer-generated hologram formed thereon as a conjugate of the first diffractive structure, so that light travelling on a second optical path which may be incident on the second surface passes through the second and first diffractive stru

Abstract: A radially symmetric iterative discrete on-axis hologram has a high diffraction efficiency for a correspondingly small f-number. The radially symmetric hologram has a plurality of concentric constant radial phase fringes. Each fringe has a predetermined plurality of radial phase rings and each fringe corresponds to a predetermined plurality of radial phase transition points and a radial phase value between the radial phase transition points. The radially symmetric iterative discrete on-axis hologram also has radial phase fringes with a predetermined number of phase levels, at least two adjacent fringes have a phase level difference which is greater than one and less than the predetermined number minus one. The radially symmetric iterative discrete on-axis hologram is fabricated by determining a plurality of concentric fringes of constant phase with a plurality of radial phase transition points and radial phase values between the radial phase transition points for each concentric fringe.