Abstract: The present invention relates to an error-tolerant language understanding, system and method. The system and the method is using example sentences to provide the clues for detecting and recovering errors. The procedure of detection and recovery is guided by a probabilistic scoring function which integrated the scores from the speech recognizer, concept parser, the scores of concept-bigram and edit operations, such as deleting, inserting and substituting concepts. Meanwhile, the score of edit operations refers the confidence measure achieving more precise detection and recovery of the speech recognition errors. That said, a concept with lower confidence measure tends to be deleted or substituted, while a concept with higher one tends to be retained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an error-tolerant language understanding, system and method. The system and the method is using example sentences to provide the clues for detecting and recovering errors. The procedure of detection and recovery is guided by a probabilistic scoring function which integrated the scores from the speech recognizer, concept parser, the scores of concept-bigram and edit operations, such as deleting, inserting and substituting concepts. Meanwhile, the score of edit operations refers the confidence measure achieving more precise detection and recovery of the speech recognition errors. That said, a concept with lower confidence measure tends to be deleted or substituted, while a concept with higher one tends to be retained.

Abstract: A display rack includes two main frames (1) with a top rail (12) and a bottom rail (13). A shelf (3) has two sidebars (31) and each sidebar has two holes (311) for four posts (2) extending therethrough and connected between the top rail and the bottom rail. A threaded hole (321) is defined in each end of each of the sidebars and communicates with the hole corresponding thereto. Four bolts (33) respectively extend through the threaded holes and contacting the posts to position the shelf.

Abstract: A method for connecting plastic pieces includes step of setting up the plastic board and the connection piece by facing a first engaging side of the plastic board and a second engaging side of the connection piece; step of setting up the connection member and contacting two sides of the connecting member with the first engaging side and the second engaging side, and step of adhering the two sides of the connection member by adherents to the first engaging side and the second engaging side.

Abstract: A portable dialogue management system includes a dialogue manager and a hierarchical task description table. The hierarchical task description table has a plurality of base tables connected with a hierarchical structure. Each base table defines the strategy of a sub-dialogue and stores the dialogue states, a number of domain parameters, and a plurality of response actions corresponding to each dialogue state. The dialogue manager manages the dialogue state of a dialogue system, determines the dialogue state and executes the appropriate response action. Because the domain knowledge is defined in the hierarchical task description table and the dialogue manager is not dependent on the application domain, the dialogue management system is easily portable to different applications. A stack may also be used to push in or pop up a dialogue state so that dialogues of multiple purposes can be accomplished.