Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a plurality of liquid crystal elements each having a respective pair of electrodes which are connected in matrix formation for control purposes. Electrodes on one side of the elements are connected in "rows" and electrodes on the other side of the elements are connected in "columns" so that intersections define an element uniquely while reducing the number of control terminals. The "rows" may be formed as a sinuous array crossing and recrossing an elongate array formed by the "columns" so that the display provides a linear progressive illuminable display area. Control signals may be variable in phase, and/or frequency and/or amplitude to effect appropriate selective activation of the elements.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electro-optical cell in which at least one insulating lamina of adhesive material bonded to at least one spacer element and having an opening defining the limits of the cell is introduced between two cell walls, and the walls are then heated and compressed to soften the adhesive material and seal the cell. The cell may have a spacer element in the form of a lamina of plastics material or may have a number of metallic spacer elements which provide electrical connections to conductive elements carried on a wall of the cell.