Abstract: A method of milling chlorothalonil to form a sub-micron product having a narrow particle size distribution is presented. The milling involves wet milling of the chlorothalonil with high density milling media having a diameter between 0.1 mm and 0.8 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.7 mm, and a density equal to or greater than 3.8 g/cc, preferably greater than 5.5 g/cc, in a ball mill using between about 40% and 80% loading of the mill volume with milling media, and having the chlorothalonil suspended in an aqueous milling liquid which comprises one or more surface active agents. The milling speed is preferably high, for example from about 1000 rpm to about 4000 rpm. The milled product can be used in foliar applications at a lower effective dosage than prior art formulations, can be used in improved antifouling paint formulations, and can be used in new applications such as the direct injection of solid chlorothalonil particulates in wood to act as a long lasting wood preservative.

Abstract: Process for producing a copper-containing aqueous solution, in which a copper mass is dissolved in the presence of air in an aqueous leach liquor containing monoethanolamine and an acid, wherein the amount of acid equivalents is between 0.05 and about 0.7 times the equivalents of monoethanolamine, and wherein the rate of copper dissolution into the aqueous leach liquor is greater than about 4.3 grams of copper per liter of leach liquor per hour until a product having at least about 80 grams per liter is obtained.

Abstract: Process for producing a copper-containing aqueous solution, in which a copper mass is dissolved in the presence of an oxidant in an aqueous leach liquor containing monoethanolamine and (HMEA)2CO3. The leach liquor is produced by partially carbonating the monoethanolamine.

Abstract: A variety of optimal luminescent emitter layers, luminescent devices, and methods of fabricating the same are provided. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an alternating current thin film electroluminescent device is provided including an AC power source and an emitter layer positioned between a pair of electrode layers. One of the pair of electrode layers is transparent to visible light of a selected wavelength. The AC power source is connected across the pair of electrode layers. The emitter layer comprises a non-conductive amorphous alloy comprising aluminum nitride and an Er luminescent center. The emitter layer and the pair of electrode layers are arranged such that, upon activation of the AC power source, an electric field is created between the electrode layers across the emitter layer.

Abstract: A variety of optimal luminescent emitter layers, luminescent devices, and methods of fabricating the same are provided. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an alternating current thin film electroluminescent device is provided including an AC power source and an emitter layer positioned between a pair of electrode layers. One of the pair of electrode layers is transparent to visible light of a selected wavelength. The AC power source is connected across the pair of electrode layers. The emitter layer comprises a non-conductive amorphous alloy comprising aluminum nitride and an Er luminescent center. The emitter layer and the pair of electrode layers are arranged such that, upon activation of the AC power source, an electric field is created between the electrode layers across the emitter layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for translating a radial force applied to a crank into additional rotary motion by a crankshaft is described as including a crank mechanically coupled to the crankshaft that is adapted to extend away from the crankshaft and also toward the crankshaft. A spring is used to apply a biasing force to urge the crank toward the crankshaft. According to a first described embodiment, extension of the crank from the crankshaft acts upon flexible chain attached to the crank and to a cam so that extension of the crank causes additional rotation of the cam. The cam is attached to the crankshaft so that the extension of the crank also causes additional rotation by the crankshaft. According to a second embodiment, a pedal carrier arm is disposed at an angle intermediate a pair of members which define a primary crank and is held adjacent to each of a pair of rollers that are attached to the primary crank.