Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gray cast iron having high strength and reduced casting defects. The high-strength gray cast iron may include: an amount of about 3.10 to 3.50 wt % of carbon (C), an amount of about 2.10 to 2.40 wt % of silicon (Si), an amount of about 0.50 to 0.80 wt % of manganese (Mn), an amount less than or equal to about 0.10 wt % (not including 0%) of phosphorus (P), an amount less than or equal to about 0.10 wt % (not including 0%) of sulfur (S), an amount of about 0.25 to 0.45 wt % of chromium (Cr), an amount of about 1.00 to 1.40 wt % of copper (Cu), an amount less than or equal to about 0.20 wt % (not including 0%) of nickel (Ni), and a balance of iron (Fe), all the wt % are based on the total weight of the gray cast iron. In particular, the gray cast iron may include a carbon equivalent (CEQ) of about 3.95 to 4.1% calculated by the Equation 1.

Abstract: A method of providing an exercise program includes providing a coaching message to coach a training pace in an exercise program based on a heart rate of a user performing the exercise program, adjusting an exercise intensity of a current set of exercises of the exercise program based on the coaching message, and providing the exercise program based on the adjusted exercise intensity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gray cast iron having high strength and reduced casting defects. The high-strength gray cast iron may include: an amount of about 3.10 to 3.50 wt % of carbon (C), an amount of about 2.10 to 2.40 wt % of silicon (Si), an amount of about 0.50 to 0.80 wt % of manganese (Mn), an amount less than or equal to about 0.10 wt % (not including 0%) of phosphorus (P), an amount less than or equal to about 0.10 wt % (not including 0%) of sulfur (S), an amount of about 0.25 to 0.45 wt % of chromium (Cr), an amount of about 1.00 to 1.40 wt % of copper (Cu), an amount less than or equal to about 0.20 wt % (not including 0%) of nickel (Ni), and a balance of iron (Fe), all the wt % are based on the total weight of the gray cast iron. In particular, the gray cast iron may include a carbon equivalent (CEQ) of about 3.95 to 4.1% calculated by the Equation 1.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cylinder liner for insert casting and a method for manufacturing the same. In particular, the cylinder liner for insert casting has cooling and warming performances suitable for functions of respective parts by imparting multiple layers having different thermal conductivity on the surface of the cylinder liner for insert casting, such that the cylinder liner can be used for vehicle cylinder blocks.

Abstract: A cylinder block made of aluminum includes an inner wall defining an inner space wherein a piston moves, an insulating coating layer partially disposed along an inside surface of the inner wall, and an Fe, or iron, sprayed layer coating an inner surface of the inner wall and the insulating coating layer, the Fe sprayed layer being formed by a thermal spaying process.

Abstract: An apparatus determining an exercise capability of an individual by obtaining heart rate information of the individual, detecting a characteristic point from the heart rate information, and obtaining information to be used to determine the exercise capability of the individual based on the characteristic point.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cylinder liner for insert casting and a method for manufacturing the same. In particular, the cylinder liner for insert casting has cooling and warming performances suitable for functions of respective parts by imparting multiple layers having different thermal conductivity on the surface of the cylinder liner for insert casting, such that the cylinder liner can be used for vehicle cylinder blocks.

Abstract: A cylinder block made of aluminum includes an inner wall defining an inner space wherein a piston moves, an insulating coating layer partially disposed along an inside surface of the inner wall, and an Fe, or iron, sprayed layer coating an inner surface of the inner wall and the insulating coating layer, the Fe sprayed layer being formed by a thermal spaying process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of managing a storage server in a database system. Provided is a storage server including a cache device to store at least one block that includes data; a permanent storage medium to record the at least one block stored in the cache device; and a controller to record the at least one block stored in the cache device in the permanent storage medium, wherein the controller includes a grade determiner to determine a grade of each of the at least one block based on a size of each of the at least one block; a victim block determiner to determine a victim block to be recorded in the permanent storage medium among blocks stored in the cache device based on the determined grade of each of the at least one block; and a block recorder to record the determined victim block in the permanent storage medium.

Abstract: A drying apparatus that dries a porous membrane that is carryable along a predetermined direction and a drying method, the drying apparatus including a housing; a plurality of air suppliers arranged in the housing along the predetermined direction so as to inject air toward the porous membrane; and a plurality of air exhausters arranged in the housing along the predetermined direction so as to exhaust air that has been injected from the air suppliers to an exterior of the housing, wherein the plurality of air suppliers are symmetrically arranged with one another at opposite sides of the porous membrane to face each other with the porous membrane disposable therebetween.

Abstract: An exercise managing method and an exercise managing apparatus are provided. The exercise managing method involves determining, with a processor, a cumulative heart rate (HR) indicating a cumulative sum of HRs of a user, analyzing an exercise performed by the user based on the cumulative HR, and providing a result of the analyzing to the user.

Abstract: An apparatus determining an exercise capability of an individual by obtaining heart rate information of the individual, detecting a characteristic point from the heart rate information, and obtaining information to be used to determine the exercise capability of the individual based on the characteristic point.

Abstract: A drying apparatus that dries a porous membrane that is carryable along a predetermined direction and a drying method, the drying apparatus including a housing; a plurality of air suppliers arranged in the housing along the predetermined direction so as to inject air toward the porous membrane; and a plurality of air exhausters arranged in the housing along the predetermined direction so as to exhaust air that has been injected from the air suppliers to an exterior of the housing, wherein the plurality of air suppliers are symmetrically arranged with one another at opposite sides of the porous membrane to face each other with the porous membrane disposable therebetween.

Abstract: A distributed system includes a plurality of nodes; and replicas of the nodes. Each of the nodes transmits a commit log of a transaction to its own replica and receives a reply to the commit log from its own replica to complete a local transaction. In the distributed system, one of the nodes to which a transaction is requested transmits a commit message requesting the commit of the transaction to the remaining nodes. Each of the remaining nodes then performs the commit of the transaction based on the commit message to complete a global transaction.