Abstract: A solar cell structure includes a semiconductor substrate having a front side and a back side. A pyramid structure is disposed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate. The pyramid structure has an aspect ratio between 0.5-1.2. A front passivation layer is disposed on the pyramid structure. A first anti-reflection layer is disposed on the pyramid structure. The first anti-reflection layer is a multi-layered, graded anti-reflection layer having at least three coating layers. The at least three coating layers comprise a silicon oxynitride layer having a thickness of 15-30 nm and a refractive index between 1.65 and 1.75. The silicon oxynitride layer is an outermost layer of the multi-layered, graded anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-skin irritating deodorant composition. The composition comprises an effective amount of an active ingredient comprising hexamine, derivatives thereof, or a combination thereof for reducing, inhibiting or suppressing development of malodour from a body part; a buffer system for substantially neutralising topical acidity of the body part; and an anti-irritating agent in an effective amount, wherein the anti-irritating agent comprises one or more botanically derived compounds selected from a group consisting of flavonoids, alkaloids, iridoids, terpenes, phenols, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A solar cell structure includes a semiconductor substrate having a front side and a back side; a pyramid structure disposed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate; a front passivation layer disposed on the pyramid structure; and a first anti-reflection layer disposed on the pyramid structure. The first reflective layer is a multi-layered anti-reflection layer having at least three coating layers. A front electrode is provided on the first anti-reflection layer. A rear passivation layer is provided on the back side of the semiconductor substrate. A second anti-reflection layer is disposed on the rear passivation layer. A back electrode is disposed on the second anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: A solar cell structure includes a semiconductor substrate having a front side and a back side; a pyramid structure disposed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate; a anti-reflection layer disposed on the pyramid structure; a front electrode provided on the anti-reflection layer; a passivation layer provided on the back side of the semiconductor substrate; a dielectric layer disposed on the passivation layer; and a back electrode disposed on the dielectric layer. The reflective layer is a multi-layer anti-reflection layer having at least three coating layers.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism that retains loose-leaf pages and has ring members that readily lock together, preventing accidental loss of pages. The mechanism comprises a housing that supports two hinge plates for pivoting motion, bringing the ring members to either an open position or a closed position. The mechanism further comprises a control structure, which includes an actuator moveable relative to the housing for controlling pivoting movement of the hinge plates. The actuator is connected to a travel bar that is moveable by the actuator into position for blocking pivoting motion of the hinge plates when the ring members are closed. The connection of the travel bar to the actuator permits the actuator to move in a range without actuating corresponding movement of the travel bar.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism for retaining loose-leaf pages has a housing, hinge plates, and ring members mounted on the hinge plates for retaining pages on the mechanism. The housing includes a plastic upper housing element and a lower housing element underlying the upper housing element. The lower housing element may be a single piece or multiple pieces. An actuating lever may be pivotally mounted on the housing for engaging the hinge plates and pivoting them to selectively move the ring members between an open position and a closed position.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism for retaining loose leaf pages. The mechanism includes an elongate plate. Hinge plates are supported by the plate for pivoting relative to the elongate plate. Rings for holding loose leaf pages include ring members mounted on the hinge plates and moveable between a closed position and an open position. A lever is pivotally mounted on the elongate plate for moving the ring members between the closed and open positions. A travel bar is moveable in translation lengthwise of the elongate plate. A connector is pivotally connected to the lever and travel bar such that the pivoting motion of the lever produces translational movement of the travel bar lengthwise of the elongate plate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ring mechanism for retaining loose leaf pages includes forming a generally planar frame element blank having ears with openings. The ears project from the blank and lie generally in the plane of the blank. The ears are bent so that the ears lie substantially in a plane forming an angle with the plane of the blank. Ring members are mounted on the blank. The ring members are adapted to mate with other ring members to form a closed ring for retaining the loose leaf pages. A hinge pin is inserted through the bent ears whereby a frame element made from the frame element blank is pivotable on the hinge pin.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism includes a housing having longitudinal ends and a top surface, hinge plates supported by the housing for pivoting motion about a pivot axis relative to the housing, and rings for holding loose-leaf pages. Each ring includes first and second ring members. The first ring member is movable relative to the second ring member between closed and opened positions of the rings. A control structure is supported by the housing and movable relative to the housing. The control structure produces the pivoting motion of the hinge plates in at least one direction. The control structure has an actuating lever pivotally connected to the housing and disposed generally above the top surface of the housing. The actuating lever is formed for receiving a fastener therethrough for connecting the housing to a cover.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism for retaining loose leaf pages includes a frame having a first frame element and a second frame element. At least one ring has a first ring member mounted on the first frame element and a second ring member mounted on the second ring element. The first and second frame elements include ears projecting outward from the first and second frame elements. The ears receive a hinge pin to pivotally interconnect the first and second frame elements for pivoting motion relative to each other between closed and opened positions. A biasing member mounted on the hinge pin biases the first and second frame elements to the open position.

Abstract: A ring mechanism for retaining loose-leaf pages having a housing, hinge plates, and ring members. The housing supports the hinge plates for pivoting motion relative to the housing to open and close ring members mounted thereon. The mechanism includes a travel bar mounted for translational movement along the longitudinal axis of the housing. An actuating lever is provided secured for pivotal movement to the housing. The actuating lever has a handle portion projecting above the housing for manually pivoting movement of the actuating lever. An actuator portion which extends through an opening in the central top portion of the housing is engageable with the hinge plates to pivot them between the open and closed positions and further is engageable with the travel bar to move it between locked and unlocked positions.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism comprises a housing, at least one ring for mounting loose leaf paper, and at least one mounting post extending outwardly from the housing. A base plate is adapted to be attached to a ring binder cover and has a surface adapted to receive the mounting post of the ring binder mechanism. A key can be received by the base plate into an affixing position with respect to the base plate and mounting post for securing the mounting post to the base plate.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism capable of mounting on a substrate includes a housing and at least one ring supported by the housing for mounting loose leaf paper. At least one clip has an attachment member for attaching the clip directly to the housing. The clip is adapted to secure the clip to a substrate and thereby mount the ring binder mechanism on the substrate.

Abstract: A ring mechanism for retaining loose-leaf pages includes a housing having a central top portion and an open bottom generally opposed to the central top portion. The central top portion has a longitudinally extending channel therein along the entire length of the housing. Hinge plates supported by the housing may pivot relative to the housing. The hinge plates support ring members that pivot with the hinge plates to open and close rings for adding and removing loose-leaf pages. In one version, the housing can be of a skeletonized construction, with the channel providing additional rigidity for the housing.

Abstract: A ring binder has a substrate and a ring binder mechanism including a housing and at least one ring supported by the housing for mounting loose leaf paper. At least one clip is adapted to secure the clip to a substrate and thereby mount the ring binder mechanism on the substrate. The clip has a first portion, a second portion spaced from the first portion, and an intermediate portion connecting the first and second portions. The first portion has an attachment member for attaching the clip to the housing. At least one of the portions is a wire.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism includes a housing having at least one ring for mounting loose leaf paper, and at least one clip for securing the housing to a ring binder cover. The clip includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a first fastener member and the second portion has a second fastener member for engaging with the first fastener member of the first portion to secure the housing to the ring binder cover.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism comprises a housing, at least one ring supported by the housing for mounting loose leaf paper, and at least one connector member extending outwardly from the housing. At least one clip secures the connector member to a substrate. The clip is sized and shaped to slide onto the substrate and engage the connector member for securing the clip to the substrate and securing the connector member to the substrate.

Abstract: A ring mechanism for retaining loose-leaf pages has supporting hinge plates for pivoting motion relative to a housing to open and close ring members. The mechanism further includes a thin, flat travel bar between the housing and the hinge plates. The travel bar moves relative to the hinge plates between a position blocking the hinge plates against pivoting when the ring members are closed and a position allowing the hinge plates to pivot when it is desired to open the ring members. The travel bar is supported in a generally vertical orientation by the hinge plates within a guide in the housing. The guide controls movement of the travel bar lengthwise of the housing.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism for retaining loose-leaf pages includes a housing, two hinge plate, and rings. The housing supports the hinge plates for pivoting motion relative to the housing. Ring members of the rings are resiliently clamped to the hinge plates for conjoint movement with the pivoting hinge plates to move between an open position in which pages may be added or removed from the rings and a closed position in which pages are retained by the rings. The ring members are also pivotable about an axis generally perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the housing relative to the hinge plates between an upright configuration in which pages can be retained on the ring members and a collapsed configuration in which the ring mechanism can be stored or shipped.

Abstract: A ring binder mechanism that retains loose-leaf pages and has ring members that readily lock together in a closed position, preventing accidental opening of the ring members and loss of pages. The mechanism comprises a housing that supports two hinge plates for pivoting motion that brings the ring members to either an open position or the closed position. The mechanism further comprises a control structure supported by the housing for causing the pivoting motion of the hinge plates. A spring plate is engageable with the control structure for urging the control structure to move toward a position blocking pivoting motion of the hinge plates when the ring members move to the closed position.