Abstract: A method includes: by an application executed by a first node, determining whether a non-transparent bridge between the first node and a second node is in a disconnected state; sending a re-initialization request from the application to a driver executed by the first node when the NTB is in the disconnected state; re-initializing a memory of the first node upon the driver receiving the re-initialization request; transmitting a result message related to the re-initialization of the memory to the second node; and implementing a memory-sharing procedure upon completing the re-initialization of the memory and receiving, from the second node, another result message related to re-initialization of a memory of the second node.

Abstract: A method includes: by an application executed by a first node, determining whether a non-transparent bridge between the first node and a second node is in a disconnected state; sending a re-initialization request from the application to a driver executed by the first node when the NTB is in the disconnected state; re-initializing a memory of the first node upon the driver receiving the re-initialization request; transmitting a result message related to the re-initialization of the memory to the second node; and implementing a memory-sharing procedure upon completing the re-initialization of the memory and receiving, from the second node, another result message related to re-initialization of a memory of the second node.

Abstract: A method is for updating an original firmware file of an I/O module which communicates with multiple host-end devices and stores the original firmware file. The method includes: receiving a current-received data packet from one host-end device; when it is determined that the current-received data packet is a first data packet constituting an update file, and that the original firmware file is not undergoing an update process, setting a status flag to indicate that the original firmware file is undergoing an update process, storing the current-received data packet; and repeating the previous steps when it is determined that the current-received data packet is not a last one data packet constituting the update file.

Abstract: A method is for updating an original firmware file of an I/O module which communicates with multiple host-end devices and stores the original firmware file. The method includes: receiving a current-received data packet from one host-end device; when it is determined that the current-received data packet is a first data packet constituting an update file, and that the original firmware file is not undergoing an update process, setting a status flag to indicate that the original firmware file is undergoing an update process, storing the current-received data packet; and repeating the previous steps when it is determined that the current-received data packet is not a last one data packet constituting the update file.