Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for chained and delayed wake-up. For example, a station (STA) may determine, at the formation of a group of STAs, a common service period for the group. The STA may determine a deferral time for a first STA of the group. The deferral time may indicate when the first STA wakes up to receive a wake-up packet. The STA may receive, from an access point (AP), during a service period in which the STA acts as a head node for communication with the AP, a wake-up packet addressed to the first STA. The STA may transmit, based on a determination that the deferral time associated with the wake-up packet addressed to the first STA ends after the service period in which the STA acts as a head node, a wake-up command that includes the wake-up packet addressed to the first STA.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for operation by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for targeted wake-up and frame enhancement for energy harvesting are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a station (STA) may compromise: receiving, during an energy detection state, a zero energy (ZE) frame from an access point (AP) that indicates a presence of an energy harvesting (EH) window; harvesting energy for a determined time duration during the EH window; and receiving, during an information decoding state, a data portion of the ZE frame based on a current stored energy of the STA being above a first threshold and a signal strength of the received ZE frame being above a second threshold.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for wireless transmissions based on backscattering. A backscatter indication message (BID) is received from an access point (AP). An interrogation signal is received. Uplink data is transmitted to the AP based on the BID and the interrogation signal. In some implementations, the interrogation signal is received from the AP. In some implementations, the BID indicates a backscatter duration, and the uplink data is transmitted to the AP for the backscatter duration. In some implementations, the uplink data is transmitted to the AP concurrently with receiving the interrogation signal. In some implementations, energy is harvested from the interrogation signal. In some implementations, the uplink data is transmitted to the AP subsequent to the interrogation signal, based on the energy harvested from the interrogation signal. In some implementations, the interrogation signal includes a compensation signal based on channel conditions and/or based on backscattering from the WTRU.

Abstract: A base transmission signal and an auxiliary transmission signal may be used to (e.g., concurrently) improve a harvesting efficiency of an energy receiver while maintaining a prespecified performance level of an information receiver. An auxiliary transmission signal may be constructed. The construction of the auxiliary transmission signal may be signaled. An auxiliary transmission signal may be adapted. The adaptation of the auxiliary transmission signal may be signaled. An impact of auxiliary transmission signals on an information receiver's performance may be mitigated. One or more narrowband energy harvesting (EH) signals may be used, for example to provide a high peak to average power ratio (PARR) for EH devices (e.g., without significantly impacting overall transmitted signal PARR) characteristics. One or more narrowband auxiliary signals may be used, for example to enhance the PARR characteristics of an information signal sub-band.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for in-channel narrow-band (NB) companion air interface (CAI) assisted wideband (WB) random access channel (RACH) access. Periodic NB downlink (DL) synchronization sequences are detected. Range information is estimated by measuring the periodic NB DL synchronization sequences; and determining an NB CAI RACH occasion. The range information is transmitted to a gNode B (gNB), or other base station, in a NB CAI RACH procedure. At least one selected WB sequence based on the range information and at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion based on the NB CAI RACH occasion are received from the gNB. A contention free WB RACH procedure is performed based on the received at least one selected WB sequence and the at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion.

Abstract: An Evanescent Cell (EC) refers to a WTRU-centric cell exploiting highly directional transmissions. An EC may comprise one or more beams from one or more BSs/gNBs/TRPs that may be operated by the same or different operators. An EC may be created utilizing knowledge of radio planning having detected the presence of one or more WTRU. A Beam-Group (BG) refers to a group of beams associated with an EC. All beams associated with an EC may be categorized into multiple BGs. Each BG may be made up of one or more beams from multiple BSs/gNBs/TRPs. Multiple BGs within an EC may be enabled to ease the burden of cell management. In one or more embodiments, there may be systems, procedures, and/or devices for EC/BG detection, deactivation, activation, selection, reselection, and augmentation. Further, there may be one or more embodiments for hierarchical system information acquisition as they relate to ECs/BGs.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed that may be implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and/or a wireless access point associated with the WTRU. In one representative method, the WTRU may be in an inactive mode or an idle mode prior to a paging occasion (PO). The WTRU may be configured to detect transmission of a number of synchronization signal blocks or reference signals associated with early paging indication (EPI) downlink control information (DCI). Based on the detected transmissions, the WTRU may perform a blind decoding on transmitted EPI DCI or sequence set to determine whether the WTRU is being paged at the PO or not. The blind decoding may use a pattern which relates the detected synchronization signal blocks or reference signals to a number of transmissions of the EPI DCI associated with the PO. Paging of the WTRU may be used to determine a light/deep sleep state of the WTRU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with enabling target localization with bi/multi-static measurements in new radio (NR). Bi-static or multi-static configurations with potential targets may be formed with nodes (e.g., WTRUs, gNBs, etc.) of mobile wireless communication systems, for example, to enable target localization applications. Target localization may be enhanced based on using determined configurations to reduce target localization estimation errors.

Abstract: Apparatus for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU receives a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs which indicates the beams/SSBs is used to receive paging DCI, e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI, over PDSCH. A WTRU utilizes the default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs in order to determine PDCCH monitoring occasions, PMOs, that are monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions, POs. A WTRU sends paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources, if the suitable SSB fulfills a SSB criteria, if the activation duration has elapsed and if the monitoring duration has elapsed. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs, e.g., a field of view, FOV, around a suitable SSB. Said paging activation requests implements a minimal feedback-based paging procedure for paging in highly directional systems, to which the gNB replies with paging configuration for the suitable SSB.

Abstract: A method for use in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU). The method comprises: receiving, using an active receiver, system information comprising a first system information set, wherein the first system information set is currently valid for the WTRU; storing the system information; deactivating the active receiver and activating a passive receiver; determining whether a difference between a first parameter in the BSSI and a first parameter in the first system information set is greater than a threshold value, wherein on a condition that the difference is greater than the threshold value, reactivating the active receiver to receive a second system information set as a currently valid system information set for the WTRU.

Abstract: A method for initial timing synchronization for a WTRU to communicate with a network includes receiving an in-channel narrowband synchronization sequence from the network to enable initial coarse timing synchronization, determining coarse timing offset and a range between a beam source of a network transmitter and the WTRU, selecting a wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization using the estimated range, transmitting the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization during an uplink timing occasion, receiving from the network a transmission of the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization, and establishing fine timing synchronization between the WTRU and the network using the selected sequence.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, can select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation, ICM, based on at least one constellation performance efficacy indicator, each constellation performance efficacy indicator respectively corresponding to a constellation of the set of constellations, and use the selected constellation and symbol configuration to simultaneously harvest energy and transmit data.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for method for energy harvesting (EH) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are provided. A method may include any of receiving information indicating EH receiver configuration information (EHRCI) including information indicating an EH priority of the WTRU; and on condition that the EH priority of the WTRU indicates that the WTRU is permitted to perform EH, performing the EH on signaling received via the EH receiver according to the EHRCI.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to communicate through a zero energy (ZE) interface in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein is provided. The method includes the WTRU receiving, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource with parameters characterizing the first PRS and determining the suitability of the first PRS resource for use by the WTRU. The method also includes measuring the phase difference of arrival (PDOA) for available frequency pairs and generating a range estimate based on the PDOA measurement. Further, the method includes the WTRU evaluating a reliability of the PDOA measurement and an accuracy of the range estimate and, on a condition that a sufficient accuracy has been achieved, reporting the range estimate.

Abstract: A method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for forming a broadcast channel in a resonance magnetic coupled communication system is provided. The method may include receiving a request from a plurality of devices to join the broadcast channel and transmitting a reference signal to the plurality of devices. The method may also include requesting a measurement of signal quality based on the reference signal from the plurality of devices and receiving the measurement of signal quality from the plurality of devices. Further it may include determining a frequency range for the broadcast channel based on the measurement of signal quality and transmitting a configuration of the broadcast channel to the plurality of devices.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, may include an Energy Harvesting device, EH, a Zero Energy transceiver, ZE, and a main transceiver. The WTRU may initialize operation using the main transceiver, and receive beam detection configuration and mapping information. The WTRU may initialize beam (re-) selection procedure using the ZE transceiver, and use the received beam detection configuration to determine detectable beam IDs, and use the received mapping information to retrieve EH signaling configuration. The WTRU determines expected EH performance for each detected beam, and selects the beam with best expected EH performance. On condition that the WTRU determines necessity of dynamic EH signaling for the selected beam, it proceeds with presence declaration procedure to request optimized dynamic EH signaling. The WTRU utilizes control signaling channel parameters to dynamically receive optimized EH signal configuration, and configures its EH circuitry, and harvests energy.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a WTRU to harvest energy from uplink signals of other WTRUs in a wireless network are disclosed. In an example, a method includes sending a message indicating resources and capability of energy harvesting (EH) from sets of resources of the plurality of resources; receiving one or more SRS super-sets, each SRS super-set being associated with a group of other WTRUs and at least one set of resources of the plurality of resources; determining a mapping between a receive beam and an SRS super-set; receiving uplink transmission patterns each being associated with an SRS super-set; selecting a receive beam from a set of receive beams based on the received uplink transmission patterns; and harvesting RF energy from uplink transmissions of one or more groups of other WTRUs using at least the selected receive beam and the received uplink transmission patterns.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for waveform design and signaling for energy harvesting (EH) in a wireless network are disclosed.

Abstract: A base transmission signal and an auxiliary transmission signal may be used to (e.g., concurrently) improve a harvesting efficiency of an energy receiver while maintaining a prespecified performance level of an information receiver. An auxiliary transmission signal may be constructed. The construction of the auxiliary transmission signal may be signaled. An auxiliary transmission signal may be adapted. The adaptation of the auxiliary transmission signal may be signaled. An impact of auxiliary transmission signals on an information receiver's performance may be mitigated. One or more narrowband energy harvesting (EH) signals may be used, for example to provide a high peak to average power ratio (PARR) for EH devices (e.g., without significantly impacting overall transmitted signal PARR) characteristics. One or more narrowband auxiliary signals may be used, for example to enhance the PARR characteristics of an information signal sub-band.