Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for method for energy harvesting (EH) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are provided. A method may include any of receiving information indicating EH receiver configuration information (EHRCI) including information indicating an EH priority of the WTRU; and on condition that the EH priority of the WTRU indicates that the WTRU is permitted to perform EH, performing the EH on signaling received via the EH receiver according to the EHRCI.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for operation by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU).

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to communicate through a zero energy (ZE) interface in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein is provided. The method includes the WTRU receiving, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource with parameters characterizing the first PRS and determining the suitability of the first PRS resource for use by the WTRU. The method also includes measuring the phase difference of arrival (PDOA) for available frequency pairs and generating a range estimate based on the PDOA measurement.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a plurality of embodiments addressing wireless communications, where one or more of the embodiments specifically address phase noise (PN) compensation techniques in which multiple groups of reference symbols are transmitted by computed splitting of the allocated Physical Resource Block(s) (PRBs) in suitable groups of sizes (e.g., equal or lower than the channel's coherence bandwidth), and ensuring the frequency domain circular symmetric transmission from the transmitting entity side adding the cyclic sub-carriers to each group. There may be one or more designs of techniques to choose suitable numbers and sizes of groups to enable suitable level of PN compensation at a receiving entity and provide various methods to ensure circular symmetry within each group. One or more approaches may be able to adapt to the instantaneous channel conditions and PN characteristics of the transceivers on a per-user basis.

Abstract: An Evanescent Cell (EC) refers to a WTRU-centric cell exploiting highly directional transmissions. An EC may comprise one or more beams from one or more BSs/gNBs/TRPs that may be operated by the same or different operators. An EC may be created utilizing knowledge of radio planning having detected the presence of one or more WTRU. A Beam-Group (BG) refers to a group of beams associated with an EC. All beams associated with an EC may be categorized into multiple BGs. Each BG may be made up of one or more beams from multiple BSs/gNBs/TRPs. Multiple BGs within an EC may be enabled to ease the burden of cell management. In one or more embodiments, there may be systems, procedures, and/or devices for EC/BG detection, deactivation, activation, selection, reselection, and augmentation. Further, there may be one or more embodiments for hierarchical system information acquisition as they relate to ECs/BGs.

Abstract: A method for initial timing synchronization for a WTRU to communicate with a network includes receiving an in-channel narrowband synchronization sequence from the network to enable initial coarse timing synchronization, determining coarse timing offset and a range between a beam source of a network transmitter and the WTRU, selecting a wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization using the estimated range, transmitting the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization during an uplink timing occasion, receiving from the network a transmission of the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization, and establishing fine timing synchronization between the WTRU and the network using the selected sequence.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a WTRU to harvest energy from uplink signals of other WTRUs in a wireless network are disclosed. In an example, a method includes sending WTRU location information and determining a mapping between one or more geographical areas and their respective unique geographical radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (geo-RNTI) and determining a current geo-RNTI of the WTRU based on the WTRU location information. The method may include decoding one or more configuration parameters of a first group of one or more other WTRU in the determined geo-RNTI, switching receive circuitry of the WTRU based on the one or more configuration parameters decoded; and harvesting radio frequency (RF) energy from uplink transmissions of the one or more other WTRUs based on switching of the receive circuitry.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, may include an Energy Harvesting device, EH, a Zero Energy transceiver, ZE, and a main transceiver. The WTRU may initialize operation using the main transceiver, and receive beam detection configuration and mapping information. The WTRU may initialize beam (re-) selection procedure using the ZE transceiver, and use the received beam detection configuration to determine detectable beam IDs. and use the received mapping information to retrieve EH signaling configuration. The WTRU determines expected EH performance for each detected beam, and selects the beam with best expected EH performance. On condition that the WTRU determines necessity of dynamic EH signaling for the selected beam, it proceeds with presence declaration procedure to request optimized dynamic EH signaling. The WTRU utilizes control signaling channel parameters to dynamically receive optimized EH signal configuration, and configures its EH circuitry, and harvests energy.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to communicate through a zero energy (ZE) interface in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein is provided. The method includes the WTRU receiving, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource with parameters characterizing the first PRS and determining the suitability of the first PRS resource for use by the WTRU. The method also includes measuring the phase difference of arrival (PDOA) for available frequency pairs and generating a range estimate based on the PDOA measurement. Further, the method includes the WTRU evaluating a reliability of the PDOA measurement and an accuracy of the range estimate and, on a condition that a sufficient accuracy has been achieved, reporting the range estimate.

Abstract: A resonance magnetic coupling (RMC) communication may be enabled between devices. A device may use a discovery mechanism to transmit and exchange information. A device may use the discovery mechanism to establish a RMC communication channel and may determine its parameterization. A device using a RMC communication may transmit a discovery signal to determine channelization and/or properties of the RMC link. The discovery signal may be generated in the form of a beacon transmission. A signal sequence may be employed for a discovery signal. A device using a RMC communication may transmit a sequence of beacon or discovery signals to track characteristics of the RMC link. Beacon scheduling may be used for RMC communications, and the communication channel may not be static and may be a function of distance and orientation. A device using a RMC communication may sense the channel for potential beacon or sequence signals from other devices.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a WTRU to harvest energy from uplink signals of other WTRUs in a wireless network are disclosed. In an example, a method includes sending a message indicating resources and capability of energy harvesting (EH) from sets of resources of the plurality of resources; receiving one or more SRS super-sets, each SRS super-set being associated with a group of other WTRUs and at least one set of resources of the plurality of resources; determining a mapping between a receive beam and an SRS super-set; receiving uplink transmission patterns each being associated with an SRS super-set; selecting a receive beam from a set of receive beams based on the received uplink transmission patterns; and harvesting RF energy from uplink transmissions of one or more groups of other WTRUs using at least the selected receive beam and the received uplink transmission patterns.

Abstract: A method for initial timing synchronization for a WTRU to communicate with a network includes receiving an in-channel narrowband synchronization sequence from the network to enable initial coarse timing synchronization, determining coarse timing offset and a range between a beam source of a network transmitter and the WTRU, selecting a wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization using the estimated range, transmitting the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization during an uplink timing occasion, receiving from the network a transmission of the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization, and establishing fine timing synchronization between the WTRU and the network using the selected sequence.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for waveform design and signaling for energy harvesting (EH) in a wireless network are disclosed.

Abstract: A WTRU may receive an indication of a set of baseline configurations (e.g., the set of baseline configurations or a pointer/index to the set of baseline configurations). The set of baseline configurations may include at least a first baseline configuration and a second baseline configuration. The WTRU may receive first information (e.g., a first signature), wherein the first information indicates that the first baseline configuration is a selected baseline configuration (e.g., a current SI baseline). The first information may be received via the low power receiver. The WTRU may receive and/or determine scheduling information. The scheduling information may include at least an indication of a first schedule associated with first update information. The WTRU may receive, in accordance with the first schedule, second information (e.g., a second signature). The second information may indicate the first update information (e.g.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, can select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation, ICM, based on at least one constellation performance efficacy indicator, each constellation performance efficacy indicator respectively corresponding to a constellation of the set of constellations, and use the selected constellation and symbol configuration to simultaneously harvest energy and transmit data.

Abstract: A method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for wireless communications includes receiving a signal sequence from a base station (BS) and generating a channel quality indicator (CQI) indication based on the signal, transmitting the CQI indication to the BS, receiving a first control message from the BS comprising configuration information, wherein the configuration information includes information elements for configuring CQI subgroups, determining a CQI subgroup identifier (ID) based on the information elements included in the received first control message, and transmitting an energy harvesting feedback using at least one resource associated with the CQI subgroup ID.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, can select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation, ICM, based on at least one constellation performance efficacy indicator, each constellation performance efficacy indicator respectively corresponding to a constellation of the set of constellations, and use the selected constellation and symbol configuration to simultaneously harvest energy and transmit data.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products related to a Wireless Transmit-Receive Unit (WTRU) operating in a network, for supporting paging using an Ultra-Low Power (ULP) receiver, are disclosed. A WTRU may receive a ULP-specific configuration, and may activate the ULP receiver, and inactivate the Uu receiver, when support of ULP paging operation, by the network, is determined. The ULP receiver may detect a Low-Power Wake-Up Signal (LP-WUS) and may activate the Uu receiver and perform PDCCH monitoring. Under condition that the WTRU detects, in the channel monitoring, its identifier in a paging message received via the Uu receiver, the WTRU initiates a connection establishment or a connection resume procedure.

Abstract: A method and configurations are discussed relative to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in the form of a multi subscriber identity module (MUSIM). The paging information for the WTRU may be optimized for power consumption. The paging information may be modified to provide one or more of a maximum deep sleeping time duration requirement, a minimum number of power state transitions, and minimum power penalty associated with power state transitions. The modified paging information may set a paging occasion offset windows and a time direction indication associated therewith.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to low-power proximity-based service paging for multi-carrier side-link (SL) communications are described. A first wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a second WTRU a request message indicating a set of SL monitoring occasions to be monitored, wherein the set of SL monitoring occasions may be associated with a SL service. The first WTRU may receive one or more transmissions indicating whether the second WTRU is being paged for the SL service. On a condition that the second WTRU is being paged for the SL service, the first WTRU may receive one or more SL messages associated with the SL service and directed to the second WTRU. The first WTRU may transmit to the second WTRU, SL paging information indicating availability of the received one or more SL messages.