Abstract: Disclosed is a method of depositing thin films, the method comprising supplying a metal precursor to the inside of a chamber where a substrate is placed to adsorb the metal precursor onto the substrate; purging the inside of the chamber; supplying a reactant to the inside of the chamber to react with the adsorbed metal precursor and form a thin film, wherein the metal precursor includes one or more halogen groups and one or more organic ligands.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of a method of treating thin films, the method comprising supplying a modifier containing a halogen group to the inside of a chamber where a substrate is placed to adsorb the modifier onto a thin film formed on the substrate; purging the inside of the chamber; supplying an etching activator to the inside of the chamber to react with the adsorbed modifier and treat the thin film; and purging the inside of the chamber.

Abstract: Proposed is a refrigerator using a water-cooled condenser, the refrigerator including a cabinet constituting a storage space, an evaporator configured to receive refrigerant from outside and evaporate the received refrigerant to cool the storage space of the cabinet, a compressor connected to the evaporator to receive refrigerant from the evaporator and compress the received refrigerant, a water-cooled condenser connected to the compressor to receive the compressed refrigerant, configured to cool the received refrigerant using cooling water to liquefy the refrigerant, and configured to supply the liquefied refrigerant to the evaporator, and an expansion means provided between the evaporator and the water-cooled condenser, and configured to lower an internal pressure of refrigerant supplied from the water-cooled condenser to the evaporator, so that the refrigerant may evaporate in the evaporator.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for processing a substrate, the apparatus including: a cup providing a processing space; a support unit provided in the processing space, and for supporting a substrate; a support unit provided in the processing space, and for supporting a substrate; a liquid supply unit including a nozzle for discharging a liquid to the substrate; a position adjuster coupled to the nozzle and for adjusting a position of the nozzle; and an adjustment unit coupled to the support unit, and for detecting pressure data when the liquid discharged from the nozzle meets the adjustment unit and position information at which the pressure data is generated.

Abstract: A copolymer is prepared by graft-polymerizing 20 to 40% of an aromatic vinyl compound and 1 to 20% of a vinyl cyanide compound onto 50 to 70% of conjugated diene rubber latex having a solids content of 30 to 65% by weight, coagulating the latex by adding 0.04 to 0.27 parts by weight of a first nonionic polymer coagulant, and 0.47 to 1.65 parts by weight of a second cationic polymer coagulant or 0.73 to 3.35 parts by weight of a second anionic polymer coagulant to 100 parts by weight (based on solids) of the prepared graft copolymer latex. When the second coagulant is the cationic polymer coagulant, the total weight of coagulant is 0.7 to 1.7 parts by weight, and when the second coagulant is the anionic polymer coagulant, the total weight of coagulant is 0.97 to 3.37 parts by weight.

Abstract: Provided is a parallel mechanism consisting of: a first module including a first plate having a first hollow formed therein; a second module disposed to be spaced apart from the first module, and including a second plate having a second hollow formed therein; and a power transmission unit provided in a space between the first and second modules, and including a third plate connecting the first and second modules in parallel, wherein the first and second modules form a symmetrical structure on the basis of the power transmission unit, a first range of motion in the first module is amplified, by means of the symmetrical structure, to a second range of motion that is wider than the first range of motion in the second module, a working space is formed in a space communicating with the first and second hollows, and the third plate is provided outside the working space.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a conjugated diene-based polymer, characterized in using a dimer acid saponified material as an emulsifier in a polymerization initiation step and injecting a monomer and the emulsifier in three or more installments after initiating polymerization, and the conjugated diene-based polymer prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has excellent physical properties such as impact strength and reflection haze.

Abstract: Provided are a resource identification method and a resource identification apparatus for connected car services. The method includes receiving resource identifier (ID) data associated with the connected car service and identifying a target resource corresponding to the resource ID data by parsing the received resource ID data, in which the resource ID data includes pieces of information about an ID type, a service to which the target resource belongs, a subject related to the target resource, and a type of the target resource.

Abstract: A brake apparatus for a vehicle, comprising: a 3-way solenoid valve unit including one or more 3-way solenoid valves, a valve block having a first surface on which the 3-way solenoid valve unit is installed, at least one accumulator, a pressurizing unit, and a plurality of wheel cylinders, wherein each 3-way solenoid valve includes a first port, a second port, a third port, a first opening/closing flow path, and a second opening/closing flow path, and at least a part of the at least one accumulator is disposed between the 3-way solenoid valve unit and a second surface of the valve block.

Abstract: A power facility for remote control includes: an analog sensing value reception unit that collects an internal analog sensing value of the power facility; a digital conversion unit that converts the analog sensing value into digital information; and a communication unit that transmits the digital information to an external remote control device by using one optical path. Therefore, by allowing a plurality of analog sensing values from the power facility to be transmitted to the remote control device by using one optical path, transmission efficiency can be increased, and by converting a plurality of analog sensing values of the power facility into digital information and transmitting the digital information with an asynchronous frame, the plurality of analog sensing values can be efficiently transmitted through one optical path without a separate synchronous signal.

Abstract: The disclosed pacemaker module includes a case unit, a vertical movement guide, an atrial sensor, and a pacemaker. The pacemaker module according to the present disclosure has an excellent effect in that it is capable of accurately measuring the flow of current in the entire heart and capable of being accurately and consistently operated with a simple operation, which makes it possible to accurately implant the pacemaker module.

Abstract: A reinforcement learning-based sensor data management system includes a processor configured to: manage virtualized objects that correspond to sensors included in a sensor network to update data received from each sensor and queries representing a data quality requested by an application; calculate an abstracted action that abstracts a size of an action space of the sensor network based on present state information of the virtualized objects and the queries; calculate scores for virtualized objects based on position relationships between the calculated abstracted action the virtualized objects; and assign priorities to the virtualized objects based on the calculated scores to update data received from the sensors to the virtualized objects according to the priorities.

Abstract: A resin composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first polyol represented by Chemical Formula 1, a second polyol represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a polyisocyanate, wherein the first polyol and the second polyol have a linear structure without a side chain. each of Y1 to Y4 is H or OH—, at least one of Y1 and Y2 is OH—, at least one of Y3 and Y4 is OH—, each of X1 to X3 is independently a C1-C20 alkyl group, the alkyl group includes or does not include an unsaturated bond, —CH2— in the alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted with —CHOH—, and each of n and m is independently 1 to 200.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming an area-selective thin film, the method comprising supplying a nuclear growth retardant to the inside of the chamber in which the substrate is placed, so that the nuclear growth retardant is adsorbed to a non-growth region of the substrate; purging the interior of the chamber; supplying a precursor to the inside of the chamber, so that the precursor is adsorbed to a growth region of the substrate; purging the interior of the chamber; and supplying a reaction material to the inside of the chamber, so that the reaction material reacts with the adsorbed precursor to form the thin film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an initial driving device and method of a solid-state transformer which reduces the overall number of solid-state transformer components and improves system reliability by charging an internal capacitor of the solid-state transformer using an existing battery instead of a separate external power source.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a substrate. a device layer and an interconnection layer sequentially on the substrate, and a bonding pad on the interconnection layer. A bottom surface of the bonding pad may be located at a constant level, and a side surface of the bonding pad may have a roughened shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite charging system and method capable of producing charging power for an electric vehicle by utilizing hydrogen energy supplied to a hydrogen vehicle, and compositely connecting hydrogen energy with a power system to efficiently perform charging of the electric vehicle, and more flexibly coping with the use of energy. The composite charging system according to the present invention comprises: a hydrogen charger which charges hydrogen into a vehicle; a hydrogen power supply system which generates and supplies power on the basis of hydrogen; a system power supply system which supplies power from a power system; an electric charger which charges the electric vehicle; and a battery power supply system which stores power supplied from the hydrogen power supply system and the system power supply system, and supplies the stored power to the electric charger.

Abstract: Disclosed are a BIPV-applicable high-power shingled photovoltaic module and a manufacturing method therefor, the module comprising: a solar panel having a shingled array structure; a first sealant stacked on the solar panel so as to protect the solar panel; a second sealant stacked under the solar panel in order to protect the solar panel; a front cover through which the sunlight passes, and which is stacked on the first sealant so as to protect the first sealant; and a first back sheet stacked under the second sealant in order to protect the solar panel from the outside environment, and thus aesthetic impression and reflectance reduction of a high-power shingled photovoltaic module are increased so that use as an external design element of a building is possible.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a vehicular braking apparatus, the vehicular braking apparatus including a pump housing having an inlet and an outlet through which a fluid flows, a valve body inserted into and fixed to the pump housing, a plunger accommodated in the valve body and movable by an armature, a seat installed inside the valve body and having a passage hole through which the fluid passes, the seat being configured to block a flow of the fluid by contact with the plunger, a flow path formed between the seat and the valve body for a flow of the fluid therethrough, an elastic part interposed between the seat and the plunger to elastically support the plunger, and a sealing part pressed into the pump housing and the seat and configured to form a passage through which the fluid flows, the valve body being seated on the sealing part.

Abstract: A negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector; a first negative electrode active material layer on the negative electrode current collector and a second negative electrode active material layer on the first negative electrode active material layer. The first negative electrode active material layer includes a first carbon-containing active material, a first silicon-containing active material, and a first binder. The second carbon-containing active material, a second silicon-containing active material, and a second binder. The first silicon-containing active material includes a first silicon-containing compound and a first metal doped in the first silicon-containing compound. The second silicon-containing active material includes a second silicon-containing compound and a second metal doped in the second silicon-containing compound.