Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material which includes an inner region that is a region from the center of the positive electrode active material particle to R/2; and an outer region that is a region from R/2 to the surface of the positive electrode active material particle, wherein R is a distance from the center of the positive electrode active material particle to the surface thereof. The positive electrode active material further includes 30% to 80% of crystallites A with respect to a total number of crystallites in the outer region of the positive electrode active material, the crystallites A having high crystallite long-axis orientation degree and crystallite c-axis orientation degree. Thus, the positive electrode active material can achieve excellent capacity characteristics and service life characteristics.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a first semiconductor chip having a first top surface and an opposite first bottom surface, first pads on the first top surface, each having a first width and a first height, second pads on the first top surface further outward from a center of the first semiconductor chip, each having a second width less than the first width and a second height greater than the first height. The semiconductor package further includes a second semiconductor chip having a second bottom surface which faces the first top surface and an opposite second top surface, third pads on the second bottom surface which are connected to the first pads, and fourth pads on the second bottom surface which are connected to the second pads. The second bottom surface is convex.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material has crystalline C having a crystalline major-axis orientation degree DoA of 0.5 to 1 and a crystalline c-axis orientation degree of less than 0.5, wherein among total crystallines in a cross section of a positive electrode active material particle, a ratio of the crystalline C is in a range of 25% to 70%. A positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery which include the same are also provided.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material precursor includes: a first region formed in the center of a particle of the positive electrode active material precursor and having a composition represented by Chemical Formula 1 or 2; and a second region formed on the first region and having a composition represented by Chemical Formula 3 or 4. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material precursor is also provided.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material includes a lithium transition metal oxide containing nickel in an amount of 60 mol% or greater based on a total number of moles of transition metals in the lithium transition metal oxide, and in the form of a secondary particle which is an aggregate of primary particles. The positive active material satisfies Equation (1) : -0.021x + 4.0 ? y ? -0.021x + 5.5, wherein x is a crystal grain size (nm) of the positive electrode active material, and y is a crystal grain aspect ratio of the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A method for separating a transition metal from a waste positive electrode material includes step 1 of preparing a waste positive electrode material represented by Formula 1, step 2 of heat treating the waste positive electrode material in an inert gas atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere to phase separate the waste positive electrode material into a lithium oxide and a metal oxide, step 3 of cooling an obtained product of step 2 to room temperature in an inert atmosphere, and step 4 of mixing a cooled product cooled to room temperature in step 3 with distilled water, and then filtering the mixture to leach a transition metal.

Abstract: A neural device to which a conditioned response function is imparted and a driving method thereof are disclosed. Quantum dots and a polymer insulating layer are formed between upper and lower electrodes. Conductive filaments are formed at interfaces between the quantum dots and the polymer insulating layer. When a positive pulse, which is an unconditioned stimulus signal, is applied, the conductive filaments are formed, and a low resistance state is implemented. As the number of applications of a negative pulse, which is a conditioned stimulus signal, increases, the neural device is switched from a high resistance state to the low resistance state. Through this, the neural device having learning ability for the conditioned stimulus signal may be implemented and driven.

Abstract: A neural device to which a conditioned response function is imparted and a driving method thereof are disclosed. Quantum dots and a polymer insulating layer are formed between upper and lower electrodes. Conductive filaments are formed at interfaces between the quantum dots and the polymer insulating layer. When a positive pulse, which is an unconditioned stimulus signal, is applied, the conductive filaments are formed, and a low resistance state is implemented. As the number of applications of a negative pulse, which is a conditioned stimulus signal, increases, the neural device is switched from a high resistance state to the low resistance state. Through this, the neural device having learning ability for the conditioned stimulus signal may be implemented and driven.

Abstract: A light guiding bar includes first and second light incident portions, a light exit portion and a reflecting portion. The first and second light incident portions are at opposite ends of the light guiding bar and receive light. The light exit portion extends in a first direction, and partially totally reflects and partially emits the light according to an incident angle. The reflecting portion extends in the first direction, is adjacent to the light exit portion and includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces. Each of the reflecting surfaces has a wedge shape and reflects the light in a direction inclined with respect to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The light incident into the first and second light incident portions and directly on the light exit portion is totally reflected by the light exit portion.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an all-in-one type light guide plate. The method includes: fabricating a master including a plurality of inverse-prism shape structures; forming an elastic mold by applying an elastomer on the master; and fabricating the all-in-one type light guide plate, on which a plurality of inverse-prism shape structures are integrally formed, by applying a light transmissive material on the elastic mold.

Abstract: A light guiding bar includes first and second light incident portions, a light exit portion and a reflecting portion. The first and second light incident portions are at opposite ends of the light guiding bar and receive light. The light exit portion extends in a first direction, and partially totally reflects and partially emits the light according to an incident angle. The reflecting portion extends in the first direction, is adjacent to the light exit portion and includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces. Each of the reflecting surfaces has a wedge shape and reflects the light in a direction inclined with respect to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The light incident into the first and second light incident portions and directly on the light exit portion is totally reflected by the light exit portion.

Abstract: An illumination device for a liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided, including: a flat light guide plate having a light exit surface; at least one linear source unit integrally formed with a side of the flat light guide plate and extending along the at least one side of the flat light guide plate; one or more point light sources emitting light through at least one of the side surfaces of the linear light source unit; and a plurality of light exit holes vertically passing through the flat light guide plate and arranged in a longitudinal direction of the linear light source unit between the light exit surface of the flat light guide plate and the linear light source unit, wherein each of the light exit holes has a reflective surface that totally reflects light incident on the linear light source unit into the flat light guide plate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an array plate for biomolecules includes coating a surface of a substrate with a hydrophobic material to form a hydrophobic layer having initial hydrophobic properties, etching the hydrophobic layer through an etch mask placed thereon to form a hydrophilic binding site, removing the etch mask, and processing the remaining region of the hydrophobic layer to recover the initial hydrophobic properties. A method for manufacturing a biochip using this array plate, includes processing the surface of the hydrophilic binding site of the array plate to increase an affinity of biomolecules to the hydrophilic binding site, and applying a solution containing biomolecules to the surface of the hydrophilic binding site.

Abstract: A backlight unit, which can emit one of s-polarized light and p-polarized light using wire-grid polarizer, and a liquid crystal display apparatus employing the backlight unit are provided. The backlight unit includes: a light source radiating light; a light guide plate disposed with the light source at a lateral side of the light guide plate, guiding the light incident on the lateral side from the light source; a wire-grid polarizer formed on a predetermined layer of the light guide plate transmitting a first polarized component of the light through the predetermined layer and reflecting a second polarized component of light; a reflector reflecting the light to un upper surface of the light guide plate; and a polarization converter changing a polarization of the light not emitted through the upper surface of the light guide plate.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an all-in-one type light guide plate. The method includes: fabricating a master including a plurality of inverse-prism shape structures; forming an elastic mold by applying an elastomer on the master; and fabricating the all-in-one type light guide plate, on which a plurality of inverse-prism shape structures are integrally formed, by applying a light transmissive material on the elastic mold.

Abstract: Provided is a prism sheet including a substrate transmitting incident light and having at least one groove inwardly formed in a surface of the substrate. A refractive member is provided in the groove and has a relatively higher refractive index than a refractive index of the substrate. A prism is arranged to face the refractive member, refract and transmit incident light, and has a relatively lower refractive index than the refractive index of the refractive member. A backlight unit is provided that includes at least one light source emitting light, along with a light guide panel that guides a procession of light emitted from the light source. The prism sheet includes at least one groove inwardly formed in a surface of the light guide panel. A refractive member is provided in the groove and a prism is arranged to face the refractive member.

Abstract: An illumination device for a liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided, including: a flat light guide plate having a light exit surface; at least one linear source unit integrally formed with a side of the flat light guide plate and extending along the at least one side of the flat light guide plate; one or more point light sources emitting light through at least one of the side surfaces of the linear light source unit; and a plurality of light exit holes vertically passing through the flat light guide plate and arranged in a longitudinal direction of the linear light source unit between the light exit surface of the flat light guide plate and the linear light source unit, wherein each of the light exit holes has a reflective surface that totally reflects light incident on the linear light source unit into the flat light guide plate.

Abstract: A luminous backlight unit designed to compensate for a difference in distribution of light output on an output surface of a light guiding panel, and a method of manufacturing a diffuser employed in the backlight unit. The backlight unit includes: one or more light sources that emit light; a light guide panel which guides the propagation of light incident through a side edge thereof and has a light-emission surface; a holographic pattern provided on a surface of the light guide panel, for converting the incident light into a surface light and outputting the converted surface light to the light-emission surface; and a diffuser disposed facing the light-emission surface, for diffusing the emitted light from the light-emission surface and is characterized in that distribution of diffusion angles is varied as it goes from a point close to the light source to a point distant from the light source.

Abstract: The backlight for a flat display device including a light source, a light guide plate and a surface hologram is provided. The light guide plate is installed at one side of the light source, and light from the light source travels in the light guide plate while being totally reflected. The surface hologram is formed on at least one surface of the light guide plate. The surface hologram has a pattern of a predetermined grating interval and a predetermined grating depth in order to diffract light at a predetermined angle toward the light guide plate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device for displaying an image by changing orientation of a liquid crystal layer sealed between two substrates includes a lower substrate having a microstructure which outputs light incident on a side surface of the lower substrate to an upper surface of the lower substrate, a light source emitting light to the side surface of the lower substrate, a selective reflection panel provided on the upper surface of the lower substrate to reflect light having a predetermined incident angle or more and transmit the remaining light, and a reflection panel provided under the lower substrate.