Abstract: A display apparatus includes a base substrate, a light emitting structure disposed on the base substrate, and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting structure and including at least one inorganic layer and at least one organic layer. The at least one inorganic layer includes a high density layer having a density of greater than or equal to about 2.0 g/cm3 and a low density layer having a density of less than about 2.0 g/cm3. The high density layer and the low density layer are in contact with each other.

Abstract: A force detector includes a support, fluid bags, a contact portion, a detector, and a computer. The contact portion is opposite to a side on which the fluid bags are in contact with the support and is adjacent to the fluid bags. The computer obtains information regarding the internal pressures of the fluid bags from the detector. Upon application of an external force to the contact portion from an object, the computer calculates a force acting in a tangential direction on a contact surface between the object and the contact portion based on a difference between the internal pressures of the fluid bags.

Abstract: A force detector includes a support, fluid bags, a contact portion, a detector, and a computer. The contact portion is opposite to a side on which the fluid bags are in contact with the support and is adjacent to the fluid bags. The computer obtains information regarding the internal pressures of the fluid bags from the detector. Upon application of an external force to the contact portion from an object, the computer calculates a force acting in a tangential direction on a contact surface between the object and the contact portion based on a difference between the internal pressures of the fluid bags.

Abstract: A terminal data format capable of efficiently controlling various network-based robots in a ubiquitous robotic companion (URC)-based infrastructure, a communication control system using the terminal data format, and a method thereof are provided. The data format includes a Protocol Discriminator field including information on a protocol identifier (ID) in order to permit interfacing between a robot, a server, and a client; a Session ID field for identifying a currently connected session; a Profile ID field for identifying a profile performed by any one of the robot, the server, and the client; an MSG Type field including information on types of messages transceived between the robot, the server, and the client; and a Payload field for performing a service for a corresponding function according to data defined in the MSG Type field and the profile information included in the Profile ID field.