Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a composition for increasing cognitive function.

Abstract: An electronic component includes: a multilayer capacitor including a capacitor body and a pair of external electrodes, respectively disposed on external surfaces of the capacitor body in a first direction; and an interposer disposed below the multilayer capacitor and including an interposer body, a pair of via holes penetrating through the interposer body, and a pair of via electrodes, respectively disposed in the via holes to be connected to the pair of external electrodes, respectively. 0.24T?t?0.3T, where “T” is a maximum height of the multilayer capacitor and “t” is a maximum height of the interposer.

Abstract: A memory device may include a first data line driver circuit that generates a first reference voltage set based on a first code and a second code associated with a first data line, and determines bit values of the first input data received through the first data line, based on the first reference voltage set. A second data line driver circuit may similarly generate a second reference voltage set. The reference voltages may have levels based on a decision feedback equalization (DFE) technique to reduce bit errors otherwise caused by inter symbol interference.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resistive switching element. The resistive switching element includes a first oxide layer and a second oxide layer stacked one on top of the other such that an interface is present therebetween, wherein the first oxide layer and the second oxide layer are made of different metal oxides; two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) present in the interface between the first oxide layer and the second oxide layer and functioning as an inactive electrode; and an active electrode disposed on the second oxide layer, wherein when a positive bias is applied to the active electrode, an electric field is generated between the active electrode and the two-dimensional electron gas, such that the second oxide layer is subjected to the electric field, and active metal ions from the active electrode are injected into the second oxide layer. The resistive switching element realizes highly uniform resistive switching operation.

Abstract: A memory storage device includes a non-volatile memory including a plurality of memory blocks and a memory controller configured to control the non-volatile memory, wherein the memory controller is configured to provide host data including write data to the non-volatile memory, wherein the memory controller is configured to perform a garbage collection operation on the memory blocks to provide garbage collection data to the non-volatile memory when a free block count of the memory blocks is smaller than a first threshold value, and wherein the memory controller is configured to increase a capacity for providing the host data when the free block count of the memory blocks is greater than a second threshold value less than the first threshold value and a valid page count of the first memory block among the memory blocks is less than a third threshold value.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for treating a degenerative brain disease, including a glycine transporter as an active ingredient. A composition including, as an active ingredient, a glycine transporter protein, a fragment thereof or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein or the fragment thereof, a vector including the nucleic acid molecule, or a cell transformed with the vector including the nucleic acid molecule, according to an embodiment, not only can achieve excellent effect(s) of inhibiting amyloid-beta aggregation and/or degrading aggregated amyloid-beta, but also degrades tau protein (and/or inhibition of the aggregation thereof), inhibits the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and has excellent blood-brain barrier permeability, thus making it possible to successively act on brain tissues.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resistive switching element. The resistive switching element includes a first oxide layer and a second oxide layer stacked one on top of the other such that an interface is present therebetween, wherein the first oxide layer and the second oxide layer are made of different metal oxides; two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) present in the interface between the first oxide layer and the second oxide layer and functioning as an inactive electrode; and an active electrode disposed on the second oxide layer, wherein when a positive bias is applied to the active electrode, an electric field is generated between the active electrode and the two-dimensional electron gas, such that the second oxide layer is subjected to the electric field, and active metal ions from the active electrode are injected into the second oxide layer. The resistive switching element realizes highly uniform resistive switching operation.

Abstract: This application relates to a composition for prophylaxis or treatment of a neurodegenerative brain disease, the composition including TMEM176B as an active ingredient. In one aspect, the composition not only promotes phagocytosis of amyloid-beta in astrocytes and reduces amyloid plaques, but also exhibits an effect of ameliorating behavior and cognitive functions in an animal model having Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the composition can be usefully utilized for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of various neurodegenerative brain diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, comprising an herb extract of a mixture of 3.5:1 Dioscorea Rhizoma:Dioscorea nipponica (w/w). Having the ability to synergistically increase in vivo levels of nerve growth factor, compared to the extracts from the herbs alone or herb mixtures of other weight ratios, the mixed herb extract is effective for preventing the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, it can be applied to pharmaceutical compositions and health functional foods preventive and curative of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for preventing or improving neurodegenerative disorders comprising mixed herb extracts of Dioscorea Rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 (w/w). The herb extracts mixed Dioscorea Rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 have the synergetic effects on increasing the amount of nerve growth factor in vivo, increasing the neural cell proliferation, promoting the formation of neuritis and enhancing cognitive abilities. Thus, the herb extracts of the present invention may be used for a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, comprising an herb extract of a mixture of 3.5:1 Dioscorea Rhizoma:Dioscorea nipponica (w/w). Having the ability to synergistically increase in vivo levels of nerve growth factor, compared to the extracts from the herbs alone or herb mixtures of other weight ratios, the mixed herb extract is effective for preventing the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, it can be applied to pharmaceutical compositions and health functional foods preventive and curative of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract: Provided are a novel pharmaceutical composition and method for the inhibition and/or degradation of amyloid aggregation, and/or degradation of Tau, and/or inhibition of Tau phosphorylation, and/or the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative brain disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for preventing or improving neurodegenerative disorders comprising mixed herb extracts of Dioscorea Rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 (w/w). The herb extracts mixed Dioscorea Rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 have the synergetic effects on increasing the amount of nerve growth factor in vivo, increasing the neural cell proliferation, promoting the formation of neuritis and enhancing cognitive abilities. Thus, the herb extracts of the present invention may be used for a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: A memory device, as provided herein, may include an invalidation bit circuit and a cell array. In methods for controlling such memory devices, the invalidation bit circuit may receive an invalid control command from a memory controller to update the invalid bit data to one of first and second states different from each other, the invalidation bit circuit may receive a read control command from the memory controller and may provide an invalid signal when the invalid bit data is in the first state, the invalidation bit circuit may transmit a data request when the invalid bit data is in the second state, and the cell array may receive the data request and provide data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, comprising an herb extract of a mixture of 3.5:1 Dioscorea Rhizoma:Dioscorea nipponica (w/w). Having the ability to synergistically increase in vivo levels of nerve growth factor, compared to the extracts from the herbs alone or her mixtures of other weight ratios, the mixed herb extract is effective for preventing the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, it can be applied to pharmaceutical compositions and health function foods preventive and curative of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract: A memory device, as provided herein, may include an invalidation bit circuit and a cell array. In methods for controlling such memory devices, the invalidation bit circuit may receive an invalid control command from a memory controller to update the invalid bit data to one of first and second states different from each other, the invalidation bit circuit may receive a read control command from the memory controller and may provide an invalid signal when the invalid bit data is in the first state, the invalidation bit circuit may transmit a data request when the invalid bit data is in the second state, and the cell array may receive the data request and provide data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, comprising an herb extract of a mixture of 3.5:1 Dioscorea Rhizoma:Dioscorea nipponica (w/w). Having the ability to synergistically increase in vivo levels of nerve growth factor, compared to the extracts from the herbs alone or her mixtures of other weight ratios, the mixed herb extract is effective for preventing the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, it can be applied to pharmaceutical compositions and health function foods preventive and curative of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for preventing or improving neurodegenerative disorders comprising mixed herb extracts of Dioscorea Rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 (w/w). The herb extracts mixed Dioscorea Rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica in a weight ratio of 3.5:1 have the synergetic effects on increasing the amount of nerve growth factor in vivo, increasing the neural cell proliferation, promoting the formation of neuritis and enhancing cognitive abilities. Thus, the herb extracts of the present invention may be used for a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a health functional food for the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, comprising an herb extract of a mixture of 3.5:1 Dioscorea Rhizoma:Dioscorea nipponica (w/w). Having the ability to synergistically increase in vivo levels of nerve growth factor, compared to the extracts from the herbs alone or herb mixtures of other weight ratios, the mixed herb extract is effective for preventing the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, it can be applied to pharmaceutical compositions and health functional foods preventive and curative of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing electronic devices may include a test chamber, a heating unit, a cooling unit and a controller. The test chamber may include a plurality of slots configured to receive the electronic devices. The heating unit may heat the electronic devices in the slots. The cooling unit may individually cool the electronic devices in the slots. The controller may selectively control operations of the heating unit and the cooling unit in accordance with temperatures in the slots. Thus, the electronic devices may be provided with a uniform test temperature so that reliability of test results may be improved.