Abstract: Multiplexed reflection and transmission gratings, and methods of their manufacture, are provided that improve uniformity with laser light, that is, reduced banding and other illumination artifacts occurring in waveguides. The mechanism for this can be the multiple reflections between the waveguide reflecting surfaces and the reflection hologram, which promote illumination averaging as beam propagation processes within a waveguide. In some gratings, a beam splitter layer overlapping the multiplexed gratings can be provided for the purposes of reducing banding in a laser-illuminated waveguide. The beam splitter can be provided by one or more dielectric layers. The beamsplitter can have sensitivity to one polarization. The beamsplitter can be sensitive to S-polarization. The beam splitter can be an anti-reflection coating optimized for normal incidence that becomes reflective at high TIR angles when immersed in glass or plastic.

Abstract: A display device includes a display member configured to display an image in a first direction and a cover member on the display member. The cover member includes a flexible member including a front part defining a front plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first side part connected to a first side of the front part and defining a first side plane different from the front plane, and a rigid member partially overlapping the flexible member and on the front part.

Abstract: Multiplexed reflection and transmission gratings, and methods of their manufacture, are provided that improve uniformity with laser light, that is, reduced banding and other illumination artifacts occurring in waveguides. The mechanism for this can be the multiple reflections between the waveguide reflecting surfaces and the reflection hologram, which promote illumination averaging as beam propagation processes within a waveguide. In some gratings, a beam splitter layer overlapping the multiplexed gratings can be provided for the purposes of reducing banding in a laser-illuminated waveguide. The beam splitter can be provided by one or more dielectric layers. The beamsplitter can have sensitivity to one polarization. The beamsplitter can be sensitive to S-polarization. The beam splitter can be an anti-reflection coating optimized for normal incidence that becomes reflective at high TIR angles when immersed in glass or plastic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is methods and apparatus for recording a holographic waveguide utilizing an inverted holographic master technique. In some embodiments, an apparatus for recording a holographic waveguide is provided. The apparatus may include a source of light configured to provide a recording beam; a master substrate with a non-grating modulated surface and a grating modulated surface, wherein the grating modulated surface is opposite to the non-grating modulated surface and is configured to diffract the recording beam; a bottom substrate with opposing light transmitting surfaces coated with anti-reflection coatings overlaying the grating modulated surface of the substrate and separated from the master substrate by a gap; and an exposure cell containing holographic recording material directly facing the non-grating modulated surface of the master substrate. Advantageously, the inverted holographic master technique mitigates the effects of unwanted reflected exposure light.

Abstract: Various embodiments of this disclosure relate to a piecewise varying rolled K-vector grating structure including: a first grating section containing a grating with a first K-vector, a second grating section containing a grating with a second K-vector; and a first boundary region positioned between the first grating section and the second grating section. The first boundary region is a multiplexed grating region including both the first K-vector and the second K-vector. Further disclosed is a method for recording such a grating structure utilizing a holographic recording process. Providing a multiplexed grating in the first boundary region may largely remove line exposure artifacts between adjacent sections of the P-RKV grating.

Abstract: Improvements to gratings for use in waveguides and methods of producing them are described herein. Deep surface relief gratings (SRGs) may offer many advantages over conventional SRGs, an important one being a higher S-diffraction efficiency. In one embodiment, deep SRGs can be implemented as polymer surface relief gratings or evacuated periodic structures (EPSs). EPSs can be formed by first recording a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) periodic structure. Removing the liquid crystal from the cured periodic structure provides a polymer surface relief grating. Polymer surface relief gratings have many applications including for use in waveguide-based displays.

Abstract: Improvements to gratings for use in waveguides and methods of producing them are described herein. Deep surface relief gratings (SRGs) may offer many advantages over conventional SRGs, an important one being a higher S-diffraction efficiency. In one embodiment, deep SRGs can be implemented as polymer surface relief gratings or evacuated periodic structures (EPSs). EPSs can be formed by first recording a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) periodic structure. Removing the liquid crystal from the cured periodic structure provides a polymer surface relief grating. Polymer surface relief gratings have many applications including for use in waveguide-based displays.

Abstract: Multiplexed reflection and transmission gratings, and methods of their manufacture, are provided that improve uniformity with laser light, that is, reduced banding and other illumination artifacts occurring in waveguides. The mechanism for this can be the multiple reflections between the waveguide reflecting surfaces and the reflection hologram, which promote illumination averaging as beam propagation processes within a waveguide. In some gratings, a beam splitter layer overlapping the multiplexed gratings can be provided for the purposes of reducing banding in a laser-illuminated waveguide. The beam splitter can be provided by one or more dielectric layers. The beamsplitter can have sensitivity to one polarization. The beamsplitter can be sensitive to S-polarization. The beam splitter can be an anti-reflection coating optimized for normal incidence that becomes reflective at high TIR angles when immersed in glass or plastic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a switchable Raman Nath grating configured to be implemented in a waveguide-based display. The waveguide-based display may include: a waveguide; a light source; a coupler for directing light from the light source into a total internal reflection path within the waveguide; a switchable Raman-Nath grating supported by said waveguide operative to provide a first polarization direction sensitivity under a first voltage and a second polarization direction sensitivity under a second voltage; a voltage generator for applying a first voltage or a second voltage across the switchable Raman-Nath grating, where the switchable Raman-Nath grating receives light in the total internal reflection path. Switchable Raman-Nath gratings may provide advantageous effects which may make them particularly suitable for despeckler gratings.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a display panel, a first layer, a signal applying unit, and a controller. The display panel displays an image. The first layer is formed on a first surface of the display panel. A shape of the first layer is changed when a first signal is applied to the first layer. The signal applying unit applies the first signal to the first layer. The controller controls the display panel to display the image.

Abstract: A head-up display includes: a plurality of displays having a plurality of pixels and configured to emit lights from each of the plurality of pixels; a plurality of collimators configured to receive the lights emitted from each pixel of the plurality of pixels of the plurality of displays and output collimated lights by collimating the lights; and a diffractive optical element configured to receive the collimated lights from the plurality of collimators, diffract the collimated lights, emit the collimated lights at angles substantially equal to respective angles at which the collimated lights are incident to the diffractive optical element, respectively, and generate a virtual image by the collimated lights emitted from the diffractive optical element. The head-up display is reduced in size and capable of generating the virtual image at infinity to allow drivers to view the virtual image without shifting their focal point.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels. The first and second pixels are configured to display different colors from each other, and a pitch between adjacent ones of the first pixels in a first direction is different from a pitch between adjacent ones of the second pixels in the first direction.

Abstract: Multiplexed reflection and transmission gratings, and methods of their manufacture, are provided that improve uniformity with laser light, that is, reduced banding and other illumination artifacts occurring in waveguides. The mechanism for this can be the multiple reflections between the waveguide reflecting surfaces and the reflection hologram, which promote illumination averaging as beam propagation processes within a waveguide. In some gratings, a beam splitter layer overlapping the multiplexed gratings can be provided for the purposes of reducing banding in a laser-illuminated waveguide. The beam splitter can be provided by one or more dielectric layers. The beamsplitter can have sensitivity to one polarization. The beamsplitter can be sensitive to S-polarization. The beam splitter can be an anti-reflection coating optimized for normal incidence that becomes reflective at high TIR angles when immersed in glass or plastic.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display member including a display area, and a peripheral area adjacent the display area, a cover member on the display member, a first decoration member between the display member and the cover member, and including a bezel area overlapping the peripheral area, and a transmission area adjacent the bezel area, and overlapping the display area, and a second decoration member between the first decoration member and the cover member, and including a base member defining at least one recess portion overlapping the bezel area, and a filling member in the at least one recess portion, and including a refractive index that is lower than a refractive index of the base member.

Abstract: A display device includes a display member configured to display an image in a first direction and a cover member on the display member. The cover member includes a flexible member including a front part defining a front plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first side part connected to a first side of the front part and defining a first side plane different from the front plane, and a rigid member partially overlapping the flexible member and on the front part.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a window on the display panel including a display part and a non-display part surrounding the display part, and a decoration layer under the non-display part. A lower surface of the non-display part includes a slant surface inclined at a predetermined angle from an outer lower edge of the window towards a portion of the lower surface of the non-display part adjacent to a boundary between the display part and the non-display part.

Abstract: A display device includes a display module and a backlight unit which provides a light having a coherent property to the display module. The backlight unit includes a light source which generates the light having the coherent property, a beam splitter array including a plurality of transflective plates which transmit or reflect the light provided from the light source, and a light conversion structure which is provided below the display module, receives the light reflected by the transflective plates and guides the received light in a direction toward the display module.

Abstract: A display device includes a display member configured to display an image in a first direction and a cover member on the display member. The cover member includes a flexible member including a front part defining a front plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first side part connected to a first side of the front part and defining a first side plane different from the front plane, and a rigid member partially overlapping the flexible member and on the front part.

Abstract: A head-up display includes: a plurality of displays having a plurality of pixels and configured to emit lights from each of the plurality of pixels; a plurality of collimators configured to receive the lights emitted from each pixel of the plurality of pixels of the plurality of displays and output collimated lights by collimating the lights; and a diffractive optical element configured to receive the collimated lights from the plurality of collimators, diffract the collimated lights, emit the collimated lights at angles substantially equal to respective angles at which the collimated lights are incident to the diffractive optical element, respectively, and generate a virtual image by the collimated lights emitted from the diffractive optical element. The head-up display is reduced in size and capable of generating the virtual image at infinity to allow drivers to view the virtual image without shifting their focal point.

Abstract: A display device includes a display member configured to display an image; and a window member including a transmission area configured to transmit the image, and a bezel area having a color and arranged adjacent to the transmission area in a plan view, the window member including a base member in which a plurality of air gaps are defined in an area of the base member corresponding to the bezel area; and a color member in the air gaps to define the color of the bezel area.