Abstract: Provided is a direction estimating apparatus using an acoustic sensor, the direction estimating apparatus including a non-directional acoustic sensor, a plurality of directional acoustic sensors provided adjacent to the non-directional acoustic sensor, and a processor configured to obtain a first output signal from the non-directional acoustic sensor and a plurality of second output signals from the plurality of directional acoustic sensors, and estimate a direction of a sound source within an error range from ?5 degrees to +5 degrees by comparing magnitudes between the two output signals and phase information between the first output signal and one of the second output signals.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) nanoprobe device includes a body portion including a plurality of body layers that are stacked, a plurality of nanoprobes respectively extending longitudinally from the body portion, with each of the plurality of nanoprobes comprising a plurality of extension layers that are stacked, and an electrode portion disposed on a portion of the body portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a voice recognition system and a display device using the same. The disclosed voice recognition system includes a plate structure, a vibration sensor, and a voice recognition device. The plate structure vibrates based on propagation of a voice wave generated from a user, and the vibration sensor is provided in contact with the plate structure to detect the vibration of the plate structure. The voice recognition device recognizes voice of the user by receiving a signal output from the vibration sensor.

Abstract: A capacitor structure includes at least one first layer and at least one second layer that are alternately stacked. The at least one first layer includes first electrodes and second electrodes alternately arranged in a first direction, and the at least one second layer includes third electrodes and fourth electrodes alternately arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the third electrodes and the fourth electrodes being electrically connected to the first electrodes and the second electrodes. Each of the first electrodes and the second electrodes includes a base portion and branch portions protruding from the base portion, and the third electrodes and the fourth electrodes are arranged side by side to correspond to the branch portions.

Abstract: The amplifier includes an input circuit configured to convert an input signal into a current; an output circuit comprising at least one switching element for reducing a voltage change of an output end of the input circuit and configured to provide an output signal; and a biasing circuit connected to the at least one switching element to form a feedback loop for reducing the voltage change of the output end of the input circuit.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring living cells are provided. A device includes a culture vessel in which a living cell is cultured; and a multi-electrode array (MEA) including first electrodes arranged with a pattern and configured to conductively receive an electrical signal generated by the living cell and conductively transmit an electrical signal to the living cell through the first electrodes, wherein the culture vessel is mateable with the MEA, and configured to, when mated with the MEA, conductively transmit an electrical signal generated by the living cell to the first electrodes or conductively transmit an electrical signal to the living cell via the first electrodes through a surface mated with the MEA.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus implementing an electrode array and an operating method of the measuring apparatus are provided. The measuring apparatus may include an electrode array configured to measure input signals of an analog domain through electrodes arranged in a target point, main signal processors configured to perform signal processing operations including a digital conversion operation of corresponding input signals of the input signals, respectively, and auxiliary signal processors configured to replace at least one of the main signal processors, and perform at least some of the signal processing operations including the digital conversion operation in response to a replacement condition being satisfied.

Abstract: A multichannel apparatus for exchanging channels and an operating method of the multichannel apparatus are provided. The apparatus includes reception nodes configured to receive input signals of an analog domain, main signal processors configured to perform a signal processing operation on the input signals, and auxiliary signal processors configured to replace the main signal processors and perform at least a portion of the signal processing operation in response to a replacement condition being satisfied. The reception nodes, the main signal processors, and the auxiliary signal processors are implemented in a single integrated circuit (IC) package.

Abstract: Provided is a directional acoustic sensor including a support member, and a plurality of resonators extending in a longitudinal direction with respect to the support member, wherein each of the plurality of resonators includes a driver configured to move based on an input sound signal, and a sensor configured to sense a capacitance change based on an air gap that changes based on a movement of the driver.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor interface including a first cantilever beam bundle including at least one resonator and a first output terminal, a second cantilever beam bundle including at least one resonator and a second output terminal, and a differential amplifier including a first input terminal electrically connected to the first output terminal of the first cantilever beam bundle and a second input terminal electrically connected to the second output terminal of the second cantilever beam bundle.

Abstract: An acoustic sensor assembly includes a non-directional acoustic sensor having a first directional pattern, a plurality of directional acoustic sensors surrounding the non-directional acoustic sensor and including a plurality of resonators having different resonance frequencies from each other, each of the plurality of directional acoustic sensors having a second directional pattern, and a processor configured to obtain output signals from the non-directional acoustic sensor and the plurality of directional acoustic sensors. The processor is further configured to calculate an acoustic signal having directivity by selecting any one or any combination of the obtained output signals or selectively combining the obtained output signals, and obtain sound around the acoustic sensor assembly, using the calculated acoustic signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are a directional acoustic sensor, a method of adjusting directional characteristics using the directional acoustic sensor, and a method of attenuating an acoustic signal in a specific direction using the directional acoustic sensor. The directional acoustic sensor includes a plurality of resonance units arranged to have different directionalities and a signal processor configured to adjust directional characteristics by calculating at least one of a sum of and a difference between outputs of the resonance units. In this state, the signal processor attenuates an acoustic signal in a specific direction by using a plurality of directional characteristics obtained by calculating at least one of the sum of and the difference between the outputs of the resonance units at a certain ratio.

Abstract: A multi-function acoustic sensor may include a plate structure having a plurality of open spaces that are spaced apart from each other; a plurality of sensors provided on the plate structure, the plurality of sensors including a plurality of sensor elements respectively provided to overlap the plurality of open spaces; and a case having an inner space in which the plurality of sensors are provided, the case including: a first case surface on which the plurality of sensors are provided, the first case surface having at least one first hole, and a second case surface opposite to the first case surface, the second case surface having at least one second hole, wherein the at least one first hole and the at least one second hole form at least one path along which sound is transmitted and sensed through at least one of the plurality of open spaces of the plate structure.

Abstract: Provided is a direction estimating apparatus using an acoustic sensor, the direction estimating apparatus including a non-directional acoustic sensor, a plurality of directional acoustic sensors provided adjacent to the non-directional acoustic sensor, and a processor configured to obtain a first output signal from the non-directional acoustic sensor and a plurality of second output signals from the plurality of directional acoustic sensors, and estimate a direction of a sound source within an error range from -5 degrees to +5 degrees by comparing magnitudes between the two output signals and phase information between the first output signal and one of the second output signals.

Abstract: Provided is a directional acoustic sensor including a support member, and a plurality of resonators extending in a longitudinal direction with respect to the support member, wherein each of the plurality of resonators includes a driver configured to move based on an input sound signal, and a sensor configured to sense a capacitance change based on an air gap that changes based on a movement of the driver.

Abstract: A multi-function acoustic sensor may include a plate structure having a plurality of open spaces that are spaced apart from each other; a plurality of sensors provided on the plate structure, the plurality of sensors including a plurality of sensor elements respectively provided to overlap the plurality of open spaces; and a case having an inner space in which the plurality of sensors are provided, the case including: a first case surface on which the plurality of sensors are provided, the first case surface having at least one first hole, and a second case surface opposite to the first case surface, the second case surface having at least one second hole, wherein the at least one first hole and the at least one second hole form at least one path along which sound is transmitted and sensed through at least one of the plurality of open spaces of the plate structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a voice recognition system and a display device using the same. The disclosed voice recognition system includes a plate structure, a vibration sensor, and a voice recognition device. The plate structure vibrates based on propagation of a voice wave generated from a user, and the vibration sensor is provided in contact with the plate structure to detect the vibration of the plate structure. The voice recognition device recognizes voice of the user by receiving a signal output from the vibration sensor.

Abstract: A compact directional acoustic sensor having an improved signal-to-noise ratio is disclosed. The disclosed directional acoustic sensor includes a first sensing device configured to generate different output gains based on different input directions of external energy, and configured to generate at least one first output signal having a first polarity based on external energy received from an input direction; a second sensing device configured to generate different output gains based on different input directions of external energy, and configured to generate at least one second output signal having a second polarity, that is different than the first polarity, based on the external energy received from the input direction; and at least one signal processor configured to generate at least one final output signal based on the at least one first output signal and the at least one second output signal.

Abstract: A compact directional acoustic sensor having an improved signal-to-noise ratio is disclosed. The disclosed directional acoustic sensor includes a first sensing device configured to generate different output gains based on different input directions of external energy, and configured to generate at least one first output signal having a first polarity based on external energy received from an input direction; a second sensing device configured to generate different output gains based on different input directions of external energy, and configured to generate at least one second output signal having a second polarity, that is different than the first polarity, based on the external energy received from the input direction; and at least one signal processor configured to generate at least one final output signal based on the at least one first output signal and the at least one second output signal.

Abstract: Provided are a resonator, a method of manufacturing the resonator, and a strain sensor and a sensor array including the resonator. The resonator is provided to extend in a lengthwise direction from a support. The resonator includes a single crystal material and is provided to extend in a crystal orientation that satisfies at least one from among a Young's modulus and a Poisson's ratio, from among crystal orientations of the single crystal material.