Abstract: A linear EMV actuator uses a permanent magnet and an electromagnet in which EMV operation for opening/closing an exhaust valve and an intake valve makes valve operations linear. As a result, the valve undergoes a soft landing and active control of an amount of opening of the valve. The linear EMV actuator includes an upper core and a lower core, an armature, an actuator spring and a valve spring. Also included are a permanent magnet, an upper coil and a lower coil connected to each other in series thereby forming one electromagnet, a displacement sensor, and a position controller.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor for simultaneously sensing radial movement and axial movement of a rotary body. The capacitive sensor includes a sensor housing having a pocket disposed in a radial direction and provided with one side surface opened in an axial direction; a plurality of sensor electrodes inserted into the pocket; and an insulator inserted into the pocket to fill a space between the sensor housing and the sensor electrodes. Each of the sensor electrodes includes a radial sensor plane and an axial sensor plane, and the capacitive sensor further includes a guard formed between the sensor electrodes and the sensor housing.