Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells or macrophages by using pluripotent stem cells, and a composition for inducing the differentiation. Specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for inducing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells comprising bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in pluripotent stem cells, or a composition for inducing the differentiation of macrophages comprising BMP4 and a macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and a method for inducing the differentiation by using the compositions. The method for inducing the differentiation of the present invention is advantageous in that a differentiation method thereof is simple since only a few types of cytokine are used, and compared to conventional methods for inducing the differentiation, the efficiency of differentiation is improved tens of times or more and the yield of differentiated cells is high.