Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery has a mixture of microparticles having a predetermined average particle size (D50) and macroparticles having a larger average particle size (D50) than the microparticles. The microparticles have the average particle size (D50) of 1 to 10 ?m and are at least one selected from the group consisting of particles having a carbon material coating layer on all or part of a surface of primary macroparticles having an average particle size (D50) of 1 ?m or more, particles having a carbon material coating layer on all or part of a surface of secondary particles formed by agglomeration of the primary macroparticles, and a mixture thereof. The macroparticles are secondary particles having an average particle size (D50) of 5 to 20 ?m formed by agglomeration of primary microparticles having a smaller average particle size (D50) than the primary macroparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation amount estimating method, and more particularly, to a radiation amount estimating method of an MRI based composite image using a lookup table. To this end, the object of the present invention is to provide a radiation dose estimating method of an MRI based composite image using a lookup table including: generating a lookup table representing a linear attenuation coefficient of a region of interest from a CT image (S100); photographing at least two of a T1 image, a T2 image, and a PETRA image of a patient from MRI equipment (S120); generating a composite image by superimposing the photographed images (S140); representing a border line of the region of interest in the composite image to distinguish the region of interest (S160); designating the linear attenuation coefficient of the lookup table in the distinguished region of interest (S180); and estimating a radiation dose based on the composite image to which the linear attenuation coefficient is designated (S200).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation amount estimating method, and more particularly, to a radiation amount estimating method of an MRI based composite image using a lookup table. To this end, the object of the present invention is to provide a radiation dose estimating method of an MRI based composite image using a lookup table including: generating a lookup table representing a linear attenuation coefficient of a region of interest from a CT image (S100); photographing at least two of a T1 image, a T2 image, and a PETRA image of a patient from MRI equipment (S120); generating a composite image by superimposing the photographed images (S140); representing a border line of the region of interest in the composite image to distinguish the region of interest (S160); designating the linear attenuation coefficient of the lookup table in the distinguished region of interest (S180); and estimating a radiation dose based on the composite image to which the linear attenuation coefficient is designated (S200).

Abstract: Rotation control systems for a rotation unit of an apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor devices include a control circuit configured to control an electrical power connection to the rotation unit to rotate the rotation unit in a desired direction responsive to a sensed rotational direction of the rotation unit. Rotation units including the rotation control system of the present invention may further include a rotation unit, a rotational direction sensing unit that senses an actual direction of rotation of the rotation unit and generates an output signal based on the sensing result and a rotational direction determining unit that determines the actual direction of rotation of the rotation unit in response to the output signal of the rotational direction sensing unit.