Abstract: A static random access memory includes a memory cell that stores data, a reference voltage generator that generates a reference voltage, a precharge circuit that is connected with the memory cell through a bit line, is connected with the reference voltage generator through a reference bit line, and pre-charges the bit line and the reference bit line, and a sense amplifier that is connected with the bit line and the reference bit line, compares a voltage of the bit line and a voltage of the reference bit line to generate a comparison result, and determines a value of the data stored in the memory cell based on the comparison result. The reference voltage generator includes first-type transistors.

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting and measuring a semiconductor device includes a stage on which an object to be measured is provided, a detector configured to detect a spectral image from light reflected from the object to be measured, and a processor configured to generate a spectral matrix based on the spectral image detected by the detector, wherein detector includes a time delayed integration (TDI) sensor configured to detect the spectral image based on a TDI process.

Abstract: A vehicle drive control system comprising a primary driving system having a first power source for providing torque to a first set of one or more wheels and an auxiliary driving system having a second power source for providing torque to a second set of one or more wheels of the vehicle. The auxiliary driving control system is configured to apply torque to a second set of one or more wheels of the vehicle to arrest downhill movement of the vehicle.

Abstract: This invention describes a control method for a hydraulic coupling system that includes pressurizing a fluid in an actuator coupled to a multi-disk clutch pack to engage the clutch pack, pumping the fluid through the clutch pack to cool the clutch pack, and controlling one or more valve actuators and one or more pump-motors with a controller. The control method may incorporate pulse width modulation of the actuators, such as the actuators for the pump-motor and valve.

Abstract: A torque-biasing system (10) including a torque-biasing device (12) and a control unit (14) for use in a vehicle (16). The torque-biasing system is preferably installed and used in a vehicle having a first wheel (18) with a first rotational speed and a second wheel (20) with a second rotational speed, and an engine (22) with a torque output. The control unit (14) calculates an error value based on a different between the first rotational speed and second rotational speed and derives a control signal based upon proportional and integral terms of the error value with a forgetting factor. The control unit then sensor the control signal to the torque-biasing device (12).

Abstract: A torque-biasing system (10) includes a torque-biasing device (12) and a control unit (14) for use in a motor vehicle. The torque-biasing system is preferably installed in a vehicle having a first front wheel (18) with a first rotational speed and second wheel (20) with a rear rotational speed and an engine (22) with a torque output. The control unit (14) functions to determined when and how to bias the torque output of the front and rear wheels, and to control the torque-biasing device (12) based on this determination.

Abstract: A method and system for vehicle velocity estimation. The method and system effectively combine vehicle kinetic and kinematic models to determine the noise covariance or reliability of vehicle sensor signals, and vehicle approximated velocity. The vehicle approximated velocity, sensor signals, and noise covariances are used in conjunction with a Kalman filter to determine the estimated velocity of the vehicle. The noise covariance is calculated from the relationship between various sensor signals and calculated values by determining if the sensor signal and calculated values correspond to a vehicle operating state.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle, the vehicle having a steer by wire and a brake by wire system is disclosed. The method includes sensing a yaw rate, a steering wheel rate of rotation, and a throttle position. Further, the method includes comparing the yaw rate, steering wheel rate of rotation, and the throttle position to a thresholds. Thereafter, a determination is made as to whether the yaw rate, the steering wheel rate, and the throttle position is greater than, or less than the respective thresholds. An operating mode of the vehicle is changed from a nominal control mode to a performance control mode when the yaw rate is greater than a first threshold yaw rate and less than the second threshold yaw rate, steering wheel rate of rotation is greater than the threshold steering wheel rate of rotation, and the throttle position is greater than the threshold throttle position.

Abstract: This invention describes a control method for a hydraulic coupling system that includes pressurizing a fluid in an actuator coupled to a multi-disk clutch pack to engage the clutch pack, pumping the fluid through the clutch pack to cool the clutch pack, and controlling one or more valve actuators and one or more pump-motors with a controller. The control method may incorporate pulse width modulation of the actuators, such as the actuators for the pump-motor and valve.

Abstract: A torque-biasing system (10) including a torque-biasing device (12) and a control unit (14) for use in a vehicle (16). The torque-biasing system is preferably installed and used in a vehicle having a first wheel (18) with a first rotational speed and a second wheel (20) with a second rotational speed, and an engine (22) with a torque output. The control unit (14) calculates an error value based on a different between the first rotational speed and second rotational speed and derives a control signal based upon proportional and integral terms of the error value with a forgetting factor. The control unit then sensor the control signal to the torque-biasing device (12).

Abstract: A device for coupling an input shaft and an output shaft is provided. The device preferably includes a carrier coupled to the input shaft, a hydraulic pump coupled to the carrier and the output shaft, a hydraulic conduit coupled to the hydraulic pump, a piston coupled to the hydraulic conduit, a clutch coupled to the piston, and a control valve coupled to the hydraulic conduit.

Abstract: A vehicle drive control system comprising a primary driving system having a first power source for providing torque to a first set of one or more wheels and an auxiliary driving system having a second power source for providing torque to a second set of one or more wheels of the vehicle. The auxiliary driving control system is configured to apply torque to a second set of one or more wheels of the vehicle to arrest downhill movement of the vehicle.

Abstract: A device for coupling an input shaft and an output shaft of an automobile is provided. The device preferably includes a rolling element, a holding element adapted to contain annular movement of the rolling element and allow axial movement of the rolling element, an annular cam adapted to cause axial movement of the rolling element upon relative rotational movement of the annular cam and the holding element, a pressure chamber, and a piston adapted to increase pressure in the pressure chamber upon axial movement of the rolling element and to resist axial movement of the rolling element upon the presence of sufficient pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A device for coupling an input shaft and an output shaft is provided. The device includes a carrier coupled to the input shaft, a pressure chamber, and a rotary pump coupled to the carrier in the output shaft. The rotary pump is adapted to increase pressure in the pressure chamber upon relative rotational movement of the carrier and the output shaft and to resist relative rotational movement of the carrier in the output shaft upon the presence of sufficient pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A torque-biasing system (10) includes a torque-biasing device (12) and a control unit (14) for use in a motor vehicle. The torque-biasing system is preferably installed in a vehicle having a first front wheel (18) with a first rotational speed and second wheel (20) with a rear rotational speed and an engine (22) with a torque output. The control unit (14) functions to determined when and how to bias the torque output of the front and rear wheels, and to control the torque-biasing device (12) based on this determination.

Abstract: A device for coupling an input shaft and an output shaft is provided. The device includes a carrier coupled to the input shaft, a pressure chamber, and a rotary pump coupled to the carrier in the output shaft. The rotary pump is adapted to increase pressure in the pressure chamber upon relative rotational movement of the carrier and the output shaft and to resist relative rotational movement of the carrier in the output shaft upon the presence of sufficient pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A device for coupling an input shaft and an output shaft of an automobile is provided. The device preferably includes a rolling element, a holding element adapted to contain annular movement of the rolling element and allow axial movement of the rolling element, an annular cam adapted to cause axial movement of the rolling element upon relative rotational movement of the annular cam and the holding element, a pressure chamber, and a piston adapted to increase pressure in the pressure chamber upon axial movement of the rolling element and to resist axial movement of the rolling element upon the presence of sufficient pressure in the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A device for coupling an input shaft and an output shaft is provided. The device preferably includes a carrier coupled to the input shaft, a hydraulic pump coupled to the carrier and the output shaft, a hydraulic conduit coupled to the hydraulic pump, a piston coupled to the hydraulic conduit, a clutch coupled to the piston, and a control valve coupled to the hydraulic conduit.