Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, ameliorating, or treating neuropathic pain, comprising syringaresinol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The composition of the present invention may be administered to a subject for which administration of an anticancer agent is scheduled or to which an anticancer agent has been administered, or to a subject which has suffered peripheral nerve damage, to thereby prevent, ameliorate, or treat neuropathic pain.