Abstract: A laminated film which includes a first layer including a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, and a second layer laminated on at least one surface of the first layer. The second layer includes a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, polyimide, or a combination thereof, which has an amide content of less than or equal to about 30 mol %. The poly(amide-imide) copolymer included in the first layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 grams/mole to about 200,000 grams/mole, and the polyimide, the poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or the combination thereof, of the second layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 grams/mole to about 50,000 grams/mole, and the composition for preparing the laminated film.

Abstract: A surface coating material includes a first material and a second material having a different structure. The first material includes a linking group represented by *—(CF2)nO—* between two terminal ends, where one terminal end is a trifluoroalkoxy group and another terminal end is a silane group. The second material includes an oxyalkylene group or a *—NH—* linking group between two terminal ends, where one terminal end is an alkoxy group or an amino group, and another terminal end is a silane group. The first material is included in the surface coating material in an amount of less than or equal to about 5 mol % relative to a total amount (100 mol %) of the first material and the second material in the surface coating material.

Abstract: A composition includes a copolymer including a specific structural unit and a solvent, wherein the copolymer further includes a specific functional group at at least one terminal end. A film may include a cured product of the composition. A stacked structure may include a substrate film and the film on at least one surface of the substrate film. A display device may include the stacked structure. An electronic device may include the display device.

Abstract: A laminated film which includes a first layer including a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, and a second layer laminated on at least one surface of the first layer. The second layer includes a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, polyimide, or a combination thereof, which has an amide content of less than or equal to about 30 mol %. The poly(amide-imide) copolymer included in the first layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 grams/mole to about 200,000 grams/mole, and the polyimide, the poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or the combination thereof, of the second layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 grams/mole to about 50,000 grams/mole, and the composition for preparing the laminated film.

Abstract: A surface coating material includes a first material and a second material having a different structure. The first material includes a linking group represented by *—(CF2)nO—* between two terminal ends, where one terminal end is a trifluoroalkoxy group and another terminal end is a silane group. The second material includes an oxyalkylene group or a *—NH—* linking group between two terminal ends, where one terminal end is an alkoxy group or an amino group, and another terminal end is a silane group. The first material is included in the surface coating material in an amount of less than or equal to about 5 mol % relative to a total amount (100 mol %) of the first material and the second material in the surface coating material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a surface coating material including a first material and a second material having a different structure, wherein the first material has a greater weight average molecular weight than the second material, a film, a stacked structure, a display device, and an article including a glass substrate coated with the surface coating material.

Abstract: A composition includes a copolymer including a specific structural unit and a solvent, wherein the copolymer further includes a specific functional group at at least one terminal end. A film may include a cured product of the composition. A stacked structure may include a substrate film and the film on at least one surface of the substrate film. A display device may include the stacked structure. An electronic device may include the display device.

Abstract: A phase difference film including: a phase difference thin film including at least two non-liquid crystal polymers, wherein the phase difference thin film satisfies refractive indexes of nx?ny>nz and has a thickness direction phase difference per unit thickness of greater than or equal to about 80 nm/?m, wherein nx denotes a refractive index of the phase difference thin film at a slow axis thereof, ny denotes a refractive index of the phase difference thin film at a fast axis thereof, and nz denotes a refractive index of the phase difference thin film in a direction perpendicular to the slow axis and the fast axis thereof, and wherein an average light transmittance in a wavelength region of about 360 nm to about 740 nm is greater than or equal to about 88%, and a display device including the same.

Abstract: An optical film includes a polarizer, a uniaxially elongated film disposed on the polarizer, and a compensation film disposed on one side of the uniaxially elongated film. The polarizer includes a polymer having a glass transition temperature of greater than about 100° C. and including a structural unit derived from styrene or a styrene derivative. The compensation film has a refractive index satisfying Relationship Equations 1 and 2, the uniaxially elongated film has an in-plane retardation satisfying Relationship Equation 3 and a thickness retardation satisfying Relationship Equation 4, and the compensation film has an in-plane retardation satisfying Relationship Equation 5 and a thickness retardation satisfying Relationship Equation 6. A liquid crystal display including the optical film is also disclosed. Relationship Equations 1 to 6 are described in the detailed description.

Abstract: An evaluating device of a flexural property includes a holder, a body disposed on the holder and capable of being moved along with a length of direction of the holder, a clamp coupled to the body to be rotated on the body and fixing a first side of the specimen to be evaluated, and a pressing part disposed over the clamp and pressing a second side of the specimen opposite to the first side and disposed upper than the first side of the specimen to bend the specimen, and an evaluation method of a flexural property of the bent specimen using the same.

Abstract: An evaluating device of a flexural property includes a holder, a body disposed on the holder and capable of being moved along with a length of direction of the holder, a clamp coupled to the body to be rotated on the body and fixing a first side of the specimen to be evaluated, and a pressing part disposed over the clamp and pressing a second side of the specimen opposite to the first side and disposed upper than the first side of the specimen to bend the specimen, and an evaluation method of a flexural property of the bent specimen using the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a light source, lower and upper substrates facing each other and on the light source, a liquid crystal layer between the lower and upper substrates, an upper polarization layer between the upper substrate and the liquid crystal layer, an upper phase difference layer between the liquid crystal layer and the upper polarization layer and having refractive indexes satisfying the following inequation: nx1?ny1>nz1, a lower polarization layer disposed between the light source and the lower substrate, and a lower phase difference layer disposed between the light source and the lower substrate and having refractive indexes satisfying the following inequation: nx2>ny2 and nx2>nz2, where a thickness direction retardation of the upper phase difference layer satisfies the following inequation: (?0.6×Rth,cell+60)×navg?210?Rth1?(?0.6×Rth,cell+260)×navg?420.

Abstract: A phase difference film including: a phase difference thin film including at least two non-liquid crystal polymers, wherein the phase difference thin film satisfies refractive indexes of nx?ny>nz and has a thickness direction phase difference per unit thickness of greater than or equal to about 80 nm/?m, wherein nx denotes a refractive index of the phase difference thin film at a slow axis thereof, ny denotes a refractive index of the phase difference thin film at a fast axis thereof, and nz denotes a refractive index of the phase difference thin film in a direction perpendicular to the slow axis and the fast axis thereof, and wherein an average light transmittance in a wavelength region of about 360 nm to about 740 nm is greater than or equal to about 88%, and a display device including the same.

Abstract: An optical film includes a polarizer and a protection film disposed the polarizer and including a polymer having a glass transition temperature of greater than about 100° C., where the polymer is a terpolymer consisting of: a first structural unit derived from styrene or a styrene derivative; a second structural unit derived from maleimide, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, a derivative thereof or a combination thereof; and a third structural unit derived from (meth)acrylate or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: An optical film includes a polarization film including a polyolefin and a dichroic dye, a first phase delay layer positioned on one side of the polarization film and including a liquid crystal, a second phase delay layer positioned on one side of the first phase delay layer and including a liquid crystal, a first adhesive between the polarization film and the first phase delay layer, and a second adhesive between the first phase delay layer and the second phase delay layer, wherein at least one of the first adhesive and the second adhesive has a room temperature storage modulus of greater than or equal to about 0.2 MPa at a frequency of 10 Hz, and a display device including the same, are provided.

Abstract: An optical film includes a polarization film including a polymer resin and a dichroic dye, and a phase delay layer disposed on the polarization film and including a liquid crystal.

Abstract: A compensation film includes a first retardation layer comprising a polymer having negative birefringence, and a second retardation layer comprising a polymer having negative birefringence, where the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation (Re1) in a range of about 180 nanometers to about 300 nanometers for incident light having a wavelength of about 550 nanometers, the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation (Re2) in a range of about 60 nanometers to about 170 nanometers for the incident light having the wavelength of about 550 nanometers, and the entire in-plane retardation (Re0) of the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer for incident light having wavelengths of about 450 nanometers and about 550 nanometers satisfies the following inequation: Re0 (450 nm)<Re0 (550 nm).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a light source, lower and upper substrates facing each other and on the light source, a liquid crystal layer between the lower and upper substrates, an upper polarization layer between the upper substrate and the liquid crystal layer, an upper phase difference layer between the liquid crystal layer and the upper polarization layer and having refractive indexes satisfying the following inequation: nx1?ny1>nz1, a lower polarization layer disposed between the light source and the lower substrate, and a lower phase difference layer disposed between the light source and the lower substrate and having refractive indexes satisfying the following inequation: nx2>ny2 and nx2>nz2, where a thickness direction retardation of the upper phase difference layer satisfies the following inequation: (?0.6×Rth,cell+60)×navg?210?Rth1?(?0.6×Rth,cell+260)×navg?420.

Abstract: An optical film includes a polarization film including a polymer resin and a dichroic dye, and a phase delay layer disposed on the polarization film and including a liquid crystal.

Abstract: An evaluating device of a flexural property includes a holder, a body disposed on the holder and capable of being moved along with a length of direction of the holder, a clamp coupled to the body to be rotated on the body and fixing a first side of the specimen to be evaluated, and a pressing part disposed over the clamp and pressing a second side of the specimen opposite to the first side and disposed upper than the first side of the specimen to bend the specimen, and an evaluation method of a flexural property of the bent specimen using the same.