Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the device including gate structures on a substrate; source/drain layers on portions of the substrate that are adjacent the gate structures, respectively; first contact plugs contacting upper surfaces of the source/drain layers, respectively; a second contact plug contacting one of the gate structures, a sidewall of the second contact plug being covered by an insulating spacer; and a third contact plug commonly contacting an upper surface of at least one of the gate structures and at least one of the first contact plugs, at least a portion of a sidewall of the third contact plug not being covered by an insulating spacer.

Abstract: Provided are a chromium catalyst precursor, an ethylene oligomerization catalyst including the same, and a method of preparing an ethylene oligomer using the same. More particularly, a chromium catalyst precursor which may oligomerize ethylene with high activity and high selectivity in spite of not using methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified-methylaluminoxane (MMAO), an oligomerization catalyst including the same, and a method of preparing an ethylene oligomer using the same are provided.

Abstract: A battery module according to the present disclosure includes a first busbar electrically connected to a first electrode lead of a first battery cell, a second busbar electrically connected to a second electrode lead of a second battery cell, a short part which moves to the first busbar and the second busbar and comes into contact with the first busbar and the second busbar by the application of an expansion force caused by volume increase of the first battery cell to electrically connect the first busbar to the second busbar, causing a short, and a cartridge which receives or supports at least part of the first electrode lead, the second electrode lead, the first busbar, the second busbar and the short part.

Abstract: A battery module, including a cell stack having a first battery cell and a second battery cell; a first bus bar connected to the cell stack and having a first polarity; a second bus bar connected to the cell stack and having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; a short-circuit unit that moves toward the first bus bar and the second bus bar in response to receiving an expanding force caused by a volume increase of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, so that the first bus bar and the second bus bar are electrically connected to generate a short circuit; and a cartridge that at least partially accommodates each of the first bus bar, the second bus bar and the short-circuit unit.

Abstract: A battery module including a first bus bar electrically connected to a first electrode lead of a first battery cell; a second bus bar electrically connected to a second electrode lead of a second battery cell; a short-circuit unit moving toward the first bus bar and the second bus bar by receiving an expansive force due to a volume increase of at least one of the first battery cell and the second battery cell to electrically connect the first bus bar to the second bus bar to generate a short circuit; and a cartridge accommodating or supporting at least a portion of the first electrode lead, the second electrode lead, the first bus bar, the second bus bar and the short-circuit unit.

Abstract: A battery module, including a cell stack having a first battery cell and a second battery cell; a first bus bar connected to the cell stack and having a first polarity; a second bus bar connected to the cell stack and having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; a short-circuit unit that moves toward the first bus bar and the second bus bar in response to receiving an expanding force caused by a volume increase of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, so that the first bus bar and the second bus bar are electrically connected to generate a short circuit; and a cartridge that at least partially accommodates each of the first bus bar, the second bus bar and the short-circuit unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a cooling system and a battery pack including the same.

Abstract: A battery module having a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other is disclosed.

Abstract: A battery pack that includes a plurality of battery modules arranged adjacent to each other and mounted on a base plate, the base plate including a module receiving part on which the battery modules are mounted, and a cooling assembly that is disposed between the base plate and bottom portions of the battery modules and through which a refrigerant flows so as to cool the battery modules. In order to couple the battery modules to the base plate, bolt fastening grooves are drilled in the height direction of the battery module at respective corners on the horizontal surface of the battery module, and welding nuts are inserted through openings and fitted to the base plate at positions corresponding to the bolt fastening grooves.

Abstract: A battery module, including a cell stack having a first battery cell and a second battery cell; a first bus bar connected to the cell stack and having a first polarity; a second bus bar connected to the cell stack and having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; a short-circuit unit that moves toward the first bus bar and the second bus bar in response to receiving an expanding force caused by a volume increase of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, so that the first bus bar and the second bus bar are electrically connected to generate a short circuit; and a cartridge that at least partially accommodates each of the first bus bar, the second bus bar and the short-circuit unit.

Abstract: A battery module according to the present disclosure includes a first busbar electrically connected to a first electrode lead of a first battery cell, a second busbar electrically connected to a second electrode lead of a second battery cell, a short part which moves to the first busbar and the second busbar and comes into contact with the first busbar and the second busbar by the application of an expansion force caused by volume increase of the first battery cell to electrically connect the first busbar to the second busbar, causing a short, and a cartridge which receives or supports at least part of the first electrode lead, the second electrode lead, the first busbar, the second busbar and the short part.

Abstract: A battery module including a first bus bar electrically connected to a first electrode lead of a first battery cell; a second bus bar electrically connected to a second electrode lead of a second battery cell; a short-circuit unit moving toward the first bus bar and the second bus bar by receiving an expansive force due to a volume increase of at least one of the first battery cell and the second battery cell to electrically connect the first bus bar to the second bus bar to generate a short circuit; and a cartridge accommodating or supporting at least a portion of the first electrode lead, the second electrode lead, the first bus bar, the second bus bar and the short-circuit unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a cooling system and a battery pack including the same.

Abstract: A battery pack that includes a plurality of battery modules arranged adjacent to each other and mounted on a base plate, the base plate including a module receiving part on which the battery modules are mounted, and a cooling assembly that is disposed between the base plate and bottom portions of the battery modules and through which a refrigerant flows so as to cool the battery modules. In order to couple the battery modules to the base plate, bolt fastening grooves are drilled in the height direction of the battery module at respective corners on the horizontal surface of the battery module, and welding nuts are inserted through openings and fitted to the base plate at positions corresponding to the bolt fastening grooves.

Abstract: A battery module having a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other is disclosed.

Abstract: The variable lamination rapid prototyping apparatus of the present invention includes a first feeding means which longitudinally reciprocates a sheet, a second feeding means which is provided under the first feeding means and reciprocates in a direction transverse to the sheet, and a rotating means which is coupled to the second feeding means and rotates around an axis parallel to the transverse direction of the sheet. The apparatus further includes a translation means which is linked to the rotating means, a cutting means which is coupled to the translation means, and a stacking means which subsequently stacks a plurality of cut sheets, thus forming the 3-dimensional object. The apparatus further includes a control means which previously stores data about the object therein and controls the above-mentioned plurality of means based on the data. Because a hot wire is provided in a parallelogram link structure, superior cutting accuracy and the stability are ensured.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hot tool which machines a workpiece made of foam material. The hot tool of the present invention includes a motor, a rotary unit which is coupled to the motor, and an electrode terminal which is connected to an outside power supply and contacts an electrode of the rotary unit. The hot tool further includes a heating body which is coupled to the rotary unit so that the heating body is heated by electric current supplied through the electrode terminal, with a spiral groove formed in a circumferential outer surface of the heating body. The hot tool further includes a polymer storage case which is provided at an upper position on the circumferential outer surface of the heating body, so that molten polymer that moves along the spiral groove is stored in the polymer storage case. Therefore, the hot tool of the present invention has increased machining accuracy and prevents a workshop from becoming messy due to molten polymer.

Abstract: A heating tool for shaping a soft material is provided. The heating tool is mounted to a predetermined position of a shaping apparatus and connected to a power source provided at a predetermined position of the shaping apparatus to melt and shape the soft material under a high temperature. The heating tool includes shaping parts which come in contact with the soft material to melt the soft material, and heating parts which are provided to be in non-contact with the soft material. The heating parts collect the molten soft material and thermally decompose the molten soft material. The heating tool enables a surface of the soft material to be perfectly thermally decomposed. Thus, the present invention prevents the soft material from being undesirably deformed, due to the molten material remaining after a shaping process.