Abstract: A quantum dot including a core comprising a first semiconductor nanocrystal including a zinc chalcogenide and a semiconductor nanocrystal shell disposed on the surface of the core and comprising zinc, selenium, and sulfur. The quantum dot does not comprise cadmium, emits blue light, and may exhibit a digital diffraction pattern obtained by a Fast Fourier Transform of a transmission electron microscopic image including a (100) facet of a zinc blende structure. In an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the quantum dot, a ratio of a defect peak area with respect to a peak area of a zinc blende crystal structure is less than about 0.8:1. A method of producing the quantum dot, and an electroluminescent device including the quantum dot are also disclosed.

Abstract: An operating method of a controller that controls a memory device, comprises: generating a data chunk including user data to be programmed in a page of the memory device and an internal parity generated by performing first ECC encoding on the user data, the internal parity being generated when a size of the user data is smaller than a size of a data area of the page, generating a page chunk including the data chunk, meta data of the user data and an external parity generated by performing second ECC encoding on the meta data and the data chunk, and controlling the memory device to program the page chunk into the page.

Abstract: A quantum dot including a core that includes a first semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc and selenium, and optionally sulfur and/or tellurium, and a shell that includes a second semiconductor nanocrystal including zinc, and at least one of sulfur or selenium is disclosed. The quantum dot has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to about 13 nm, an emission peak wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 470 nm, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength of less than about 25 nm. A method for preparing the quantum dot, a quantum dot-polymer composite including the quantum dot, and an electronic device including the quantum dot is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells or macrophages by using pluripotent stem cells, and a composition for inducing the differentiation. Specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for inducing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells comprising bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in pluripotent stem cells, or a composition for inducing the differentiation of macrophages comprising BMP4 and a macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and a method for inducing the differentiation by using the compositions. The method for inducing the differentiation of the present invention is advantageous in that a differentiation method thereof is simple since only a few types of cytokine are used, and compared to conventional methods for inducing the differentiation, the efficiency of differentiation is improved tens of times or more and the yield of differentiated cells is high.