Abstract: Integrated circuit devices may include a cell transistor and a parameter measuring structure (e.g., a resistance measuring structure). The cell transistor may be on a first surface of a substrate structure, which is opposite a second surface thereof. The parameter measuring structure may include first and second contact structures that extend through the substrate structure. The second surface of the substrate structure may expose respective portions of the first and second contact structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-performance thin film composite (TFC) membrane through post-treatment with solvents. In the present invention, Ra, which is a new criterion for activating solvents (difference in Hansen solubility parameter between an activating solvent and a polymer), and boiling points of the activating solvents are suggested, whereby the activating solvent thus selected can be used to implement the performance of reverse osmosis (RO) to nanofiltration (NF) grades, and an activated TFC membrane having anti-scaling effects to inorganic salts and acid resistance with high separation performance can be manufactured.