Abstract: The battery diagnosis method includes calculating, by a battery management system (BMS), a plurality of direct current internal resistances (DCIRs) respectively with respect to a plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of cell voltages and a plurality of cell currents, deriving, by the BMS, an entire representative value of the plurality of DCIRs, calculating, by the BMS, a multi-parallel ideality factor based on a parallel connection number, calculating, by the BMS, a dispersion of the plurality of DCIRs based on the plurality of DCIRs and the entire representative values of the plurality of DCIRs, calculating, by the BMS, an upper limit threshold value of a normal range, and deriving, by the BMS, the normal range based on the upper limit threshold value, and diagnosing a state of a battery pack including the plurality of battery cells according to the normal range.

Abstract: A service identifying and processing method using a wireless terminal message according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes (a) receiving a wireless terminal message by a first entity which is a mobile device; and (b) expressing, by a first agent which is an information processing application program installed on the first entity, entity information of second entity based on the wireless terminal message and service confirmation information related to service provided by the second entity, through an application screen by the first agent.

Abstract: There is provided a ferritic lightweight steel which contains 2.0 to 3.0 wt % manganese (Mn), 5.0 to 6.0 wt % aluminum (Al) and 0.1 to 0.3 wt % carbon (C) and has a tensile strength of 900 MPa to 1,108 MPa. The lightweight steel includes ferrite-austenite dual grains as a result of performing low-temperature tempering-induced partitioning (LTP) at 300° C. for 10 minutes after isothermal annealing.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, a plurality of host materials, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the compound according to the present disclosure or by comprising a specific combination of compounds according to the present disclosure as a plurality of host materials, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, luminous efficiency, and/or lifetime properties compared to the conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: A method of reinforcement learning of a neural network device for generating a verification vector for verifying a circuit design comprising a circuit block includes inputting a test vector to the circuit block, generating one or more rewards based on a coverage corresponding to the test vector, the coverage being determined based on a state transition of the circuit block based on the test vector, and applying the one or more rewards to a reinforcement learning.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a substrate; a via which penetrates the substrate; a via insulating film formed along an inner wall of the via; and a core plug which fills the via, wherein a residual stress of the via insulating film is 60 MPa to ?100 MPa.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a substrate; a via which penetrates the substrate; a via insulating film formed along an inner wall of the via; and a core plug which fills the via, wherein a residual stress of the via insulating film is 60 MPa to ?100 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polypropylene-based resin composition which exhibits mechanical properties such as excellent strength and more improved impact strength, and a molded article comprising the same. The polypropylene-based resin composition comprises: a polypropylene-based resin; and an olefin-based copolymer, and shows two or more elution temperatures at a predetermined temperature range when analyzing the olefin-based copolymer by temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF).

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a substrate; a via which penetrates the substrate; a via insulating film formed along an inner wall of the via; and a core plug which fills the via, wherein a residual stress of the via insulating film is 60 MPa to ?100 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polypropylene-based resin composition which exhibits mechanical properties such as excellent strength and more improved impact strength, and a molded article comprising the same. The polypropylene-based resin composition comprises: a polypropylene-based resin; and an olefin-based copolymer, and shows two or more elution temperatures at a predetermined temperature range when analyzing the olefin-based copolymer by temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF).

Abstract: The present invention provides an olefin-based polymer which satisfies the following conditions of (1) to (4) and is capable of exhibiting improved impact strength without degrading mechanical properties such as tensile strength: (1) density (d): from 0.850 to 0.910 g/cc, (2) melting index (MI, 190° C., 2.16 kg load conditions): from 0.1 to 100 g/10 min, (3) molecular weight distribution (MWD): from 1.5 to 3.0, and (4) two peaks are shown in a temperature range of ?20° C. to 120° C. when taking measurements of temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF), and a relation of T(90)?T(50)?60° C. is satisfied (where T(90) is a temperature at which 90 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted, and T(50) is a temperature at which 50 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted).

Abstract: The present invention provides a polypropylene-based composite material capable of exhibiting excellent strength properties and impact strength properties, particularly, markedly improved impact strength properties at a low temperature without using a separate additive by including (A) polypropylene, and (B) an olefin-based polymer which satisfies the conditions of the following (b1) to (b4): (b1) density (d): from 0.850 to 0.910 g/cc, (b2) melt index (MI, 190° C., 2.16 kg load conditions): from 0.1 g/10 min to 100 g/10 min, (b3) molecular weight distribution (MWD): from 1.5 to 3.0, and (b4) i) two peaks are shown in a temperature range of ?20° C. to 120° C. when taking measurements of temperature rising elution fractionation, and ii) a relation of T(90)?T(50)?60° C. is satisfied (where T(90) is a temperature at which 90 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted, and T(50) is a temperature at which 50 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted).

Abstract: The present invention provides a polypropylene-based composite material capable of exhibiting excellent strength properties and impact strength properties, particularly, markedly improved impact strength properties at a low temperature without using a separate additive by including (A) polypropylene, and (B) an olefin-based polymer which satisfies the conditions of the following (b1) to (b4): (b1) density (d): from 0.850 to 0.910 g/cc, (b2) melt index (MI, 190° C., 2.16 kg load conditions): from 0.1 g/10 min to 100 g/10 min, (b3) molecular weight distribution (MWD): from 1.5 to 3.0, and (b4) i) two peaks are shown in a temperature range of ?20° C. to 120° C. when taking measurements of temperature rising elution fractionation, and ii) a relation of T(90)?T(50)?60° C. is satisfied (where T(90) is a temperature at which 90 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted, and T(50) is a temperature at which 50 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted).

Abstract: The present invention provides an olefin-based polymer which satisfies the following conditions of (1) to (4) and is capable of exhibiting improved impact strength without degrading mechanical properties such as tensile strength: (1) density (d): from 0.850 to 0.910 g/cc, (2) melting index (MI, 190° C., 2.16 kg load conditions): from 0.1 to 100 g/10 min, (3) molecular weight distribution (MWD): from 1.5 to 3.0, and (4) two peaks are shown in a temperature range of ?20° C. to 120° C. when taking measurements of temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF), and a relation of T(90)?T(50)?60° C. is satisfied (where T(90) is a temperature at which 90 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted, and T(50) is a temperature at which 50 wt % of the olefin-based polymer is eluted).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefin-based polymer exhibiting a single peak when analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and having three elution temperatures Te1, Te2 and Te3 when measuring temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) at a temperature ranging from ?20° C. to 120° C. Accordingly, the olefin-based polymer having excellent mechanical strength, and in particular, significantly improved impact strength is provided.

Abstract: A first insulating layer is formed on a substrate. An opening is formed in the first insulating layer. A barrier layer is formed on the first insulating layer and conforming to sidewalls of the first insulating layer in the opening, and a conductive layer is formed on the barrier layer. Chemical mechanical polishing is performed to expose the first insulating layer and leave a barrier layer pattern in the opening and a conductive layer pattern on the barrier layer pattern in the opening, wherein a portion of the conductive layer pattern protrudes above an upper surface of the insulating layer and an upper surface of the barrier layer pattern. A second insulating layer is formed on the first insulating layer, the barrier layer pattern and the conductive layer pattern and planarized to expose the conductive layer pattern. A second substrate may be bonded to the exposed conductive layer pattern.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to an encapsulant film, a method for manufacturing an encapsulant film, an optoelectronic device, and a method for manufacturing an optoelectronic device, and can provide superior adhesive force with a front substrate and a back sheet, and specifically having long-term adhesive and heat resistance properties. Also, the present application can provide the encapsulant which does not have a negative effect on parts, such as optoelectronic elements or wire electrodes encapsulated in the optoelectronic devices, and on a working environment, and which can maintain superior workability and economic feasibility in device manufacturing.

Abstract: An encapsulant film and an optoelectronic device are provided. The encapsulant film having improved thermal resistance, and excellent adhesion, especially, long-term adhesive properties, to a front substrate and a back sheet can be provided. Also, the optoelectronic device capable of maintaining excellent workability and economic feasibility upon manufacture of the device without causing a negative influence on working environments and parts such as optoelectronic elements or wiring electrodes encapsulated by the encapsulant film can be provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a via structure penetrating through a substrate, a portion of the via structure being exposed over a surface of the substrate, a protection layer pattern structure provided on the surface of the substrate and including a first protection layer pattern and a second protection layer pattern, the first protection layer pattern surrounding a lower sidewall of the exposed portion of the via structure and exposing an upper sidewall of the exposed portion of the via structure, the second protection layer pattern exposing a portion of the top surface of the first protection layer pattern adjacent to the sidewall of the via structure, and a pad structure provided on the via structure and the protection layer pattern structure and covering the top surface of the first protection layer pattern exposed by the second protection layer pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefin-based polymer exhibiting a single peak when analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and having three elution temperatures Te1, Te2 and Te3 when measuring temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) at a temperature ranging from ?20° C. to 120° C. Accordingly, the olefin-based polymer having excellent mechanical strength, and in particular, significantly improved impact strength is provided.