Abstract: Provided are: a method of modifying a target nucleic acid in the genome of a cell by using a novel PAM sequence; and a cell in which a target nucleic acid of the genome of the cell is modified by the method. Accordingly, genome editing may be performed by targeting a position, which has not been previously targeted, as a target for genome editing, and thus the range of applications of genome editing may be expanded.

Abstract: According to an aspect, provided are: a guide RNA; a vector comprising the same; a composition for removing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a KRAS polypeptide in the genome of a cell, containing the same; a composition for preventing or treating cancer, containing the same; and a method using the same. The present invention enables the mutation of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a KRAS polypeptide in the genome of a cell or a subject and, particularly, can be usable, as personalized or precision medical care, in the prevention or treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recording the passage of time in DNA of cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for measuring time which has elapsed from a predetermined time point in cells using target genome editing system, and to a system for measuring time in cells. The method of the present invention is a new synthetic biological clock that enables the accurate in vivo measurement of the time which has elapsed from a defined time point to any time point. Through the system of the present invention, time information ranging from hours to weeks can be accurately recorded in vitro or in vivo in DNA of animal cells and living animals, and the time which has elapsed from a recorded time point can be measured at an unknown time point through DNA sequencing.

Abstract: Provided are: a method for modifying a target nucleic acid in the genome of a cell using a novel PAM sequence; and a cell in which a target nucleic acid in the genome is modified thereby. Accordingly, genome editing can be performed by targeting a position that could not be previously targeted as a target for genome editing, and thus the range of applications of genome editing can be expanded.

Abstract: According to an aspect, provided are: a guide RNA; a vector comprising the same; a composition for removing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a KRAS polypeptide in the genome of a cell, containing the same; a composition for preventing or treating cancer, containing the same; and a method using the same. The present invention enables the mutation of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a KRAS polypeptide in the genome of a cell or a subject and, particularly, can be usable, as personalized or precision medical care, in the prevention or treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the activity of an RNA-guided nuclease in a cell in a high-throughput manner, and specifically to a method for evaluating the activity of an RNA-guided nuclease from the indel frequency of a cell library including an isolated oligonucleotide that comprises a guide RNA-encoding nucleotide sequence and a target nucleotide sequence. The method for analyzing the characteristics of an RNA-guided nuclease using the guide RNA-target sequence pair library of the present invention enables the evaluation of the activity of the RNA-guided nuclease in vivo in a high-throughput manner, and thus, the method can be very effectively utilized in all of the fields where the RNA-guided nuclease is applied.