Abstract: A steering wheel hands off detection (HOD) cover may include a HOD pad having a fabric made of a non-woven fabric or a foam sponge of a non-woven fabric. A conductive plating surface of the fabric may be surface plated and on which sensing responses occur with respect to a contact state (hands ON) and a non-contact state (hands OFF) due to a physical contact.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a control unit configured to determine an average ion concentration, a surface ion concentration and a solid phase potential for anode particles and an electrolyte potential in an anode, using a predefined electrochemical reduced order model. The control unit is further configured to determine a side reaction rate from the solid phase potential and the electrolyte potential. The control unit is further configured to reduce the magnitude of the charging current applied to a secondary battery based on at least one of a cutoff voltage, the surface ion concentration and the side reaction rate.

Abstract: A steering column assembly for a vehicle may include a buffer structure provided between a steering housing and a steering shaft inserted into the steering housing to distribute vibration applied thereto and to compensate for the distortion of the steering shaft and a clearance of the steering shaft with the steering housing, wherein a support structure is also provided to secure the support performance of the steering housing with respect to a mounting bracket in the event of a tilt and a longitudinal motion of the steering housing, ensuring the horizontal rigidity of the steering housing and reducing vibration applied thereto.

Abstract: A horn plate assembly for a vehicle includes: a horn plate having a plurality of fastening holes; and fasteners fastened to a hub of a steering wheel through the fastening holes. Seating grooves having stepped cross-sections to the fastening holes are formed at the fastening holes, and portions of the fasteners are seated in the seating grooves when the fasteners are fastened to the hub of the steering wheel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and a battery management system for periodically determining at least one of charge power limit and discharge power limit of a battery. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes predicting the terminal voltage and the net resistance of the battery after a predefined time from the current time using an equivalent circuit model for the battery, and determining the charge power limit or the discharge power limit of the battery from the predicted terminal voltage and net resistance.

Abstract: Provided is a method and a battery management system for smoothing the power limit when charging or discharging a battery. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes determining a first weighting factor based on a maximum charge voltage and a terminal voltage of the battery, determining a second weighting factor based on a previous smoothed charge power limit, a current charge power limit and a current instantaneous power, setting a smaller one of the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor as a first reference weighting factor, and smoothing the current charge power limit based on the previous smoothed charge power limit and the first reference weighting factor.

Abstract: A system for detecting hands-on or off of a steering wheel and a method thereof in which hands-on or off detecting rate and accuracy are improved by determining a hands-on or off state by interlocking a direct sensor and an indirect sensor, may include a direct sensor configured for detecting a hands-on sense value depending on a grip area of the steering wheel; an indirect sensor configured for detecting a hands-on sense value depending on a magnitude of a torque for rotating the steering wheel; and a controller connected to the first sensor and the second sensor and combining a direct hands-on sense value detected by the direct sensor and an indirect hands-on sense value detected by the indirect sensor to each other to determine a grip state of the steering wheel depending on a combined hands-on sense condition, and then to display and warn a result of determining the grip state of the steering wheel through an output unit.

Abstract: Provided is a method and a battery management system for estimating the parameters of an equivalent circuit model. The equivalent circuit model includes a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series to the first resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure individually estimates the resistance of the first resistor and the resistance of the second resistor based on a first number of terminal voltages and a first number of currents measured in a sequential order at each time step in a sliding time window having a predefined size, and stores data indicating the estimated results in the memory.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and a battery management system for estimating the parameters of an equivalent circuit model for a battery. The equivalent circuit model includes a first resistor, a second resistor connected in series to the first resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel to the second resistor. The method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure individually estimates the resistance of the first resistor and the resistance of the second resistor based on a first number of terminal voltages and a first number of currents measured in a sequential order at each time step in a sliding time window having a predefined size, and stores data indicating the estimated results in the memory.

Abstract: A steering column apparatus configured for vehicles may include a housing assembly, and a support assembly configured to be coupled to one side of the housing assembly to serve to absorb a tilt and an impact.

Abstract: A steering column assembly for a vehicle may include a buffer structure provided between a steering housing and a steering shaft inserted into the steering housing to distribute vibration applied thereto and to compensate for the distortion of the steering shaft and a clearance of the steering shaft with the steering housing, wherein a support structure is also provided to secure the support performance of the steering housing with respect to a mounting bracket in the event of a tilt and a longitudinal motion of the steering housing, ensuring the horizontal rigidity of the steering housing and reducing vibration applied thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spiral wound type filter cartridge and more specifically, a spiral wound type filter cartridge in which activated carbon fiber is provided. The inside of spiral wound type filter cartridge is capable of serving as a carbon filter in a water purifier, thus eliminating the necessity of the use of any carbon filter for pre- or post-treatment in the process of purifying raw water, reducing an overall size of the water purifier and considerably reducing costs associated therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spiral wound type filter cartridge and more specifically, a spiral wound type filter cartridge in which activated carbon fiber is provided. The inside of spiral wound type filter cartridge is capable of serving as a carbon filter in a water purifier, thus eliminating the necessity of the use of any carbon filter for pre- or post-treatment in the process of purifying raw water, reducing an overall size of the water purifier and considerably reducing costs associated therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spiral wound type filter cartridge and more specifically, a spiral wound type filter cartridge in which activated carbon fiber is provided. The inside of spiral wound type filter cartridge is capable of serving as a carbon filter in a water purifier, thus eliminating the necessity of the use of any carbon filter for pre- or post-treatment in the process of purifying raw water, reducing an overall size of the water purifier and considerably reducing costs associated therewith.

Abstract: An amine aqueous solution for forming an active layer of a polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane is prepared, which consists of 0.1 through 20 weight % of polyfunctional aromatic amine monomer, 0.1 through 20 weight % of multi-functional tertiary alcohol amine, 0.1 through 20 weight % of strong acid, and 40 through 99.7 weight % of water.

Abstract: An amine aqueous solution for forming an active layer of a polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane is prepared, which consists of 0.1 through 20 weight % of polyfunctional aromatic amine monomer, 0.1 through 20 weight % of multi-functional tertiary alcohol amine, 0.1 through 20 weight % of strong acid, and 40 through 99.7 weight % of water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a USB storage device having a USB plug with top and bottom terminals, connection terminals of the USB plug being provided at both top and bottom sides so that an information terminal apparatus such as a PC, a notebook, an MP3 player and a digital camera, can be inserted in face-down/face-up manners, comprising a main unit and a cover unit, the main unit comprising a USB plug having connection terminals at both sides to be connected to a USB port of the information terminal apparatus to communicate data, and slide rails provided in a longitudinal direction to define a sliding range for rail protrusions of the cover unit; and the cover unit comprising rail protrusions inserted into the slide rails and provided at both ends of the cover unit toward the main unit so that the cover unit can rotatably move along with the slide rail.