Abstract: An LCD device adapted to cut costs through the simplification of circuitry is disclosed. The LCD device includes a timing controller that includes: an inter-integrated circuit driver and a memory which are configured to communicate with an external system using an inter-integrated circuit protocol; and a logic element configured to operate a first logic signal from a first write protection terminal of the external system with a second logic signal from a second write protection terminal of the inter-integrated circuit driver, and to apply the operated logic signal to the memory. The memory replies to the operated logic signal from an output terminal of the logic element and performs a write operation.

Abstract: A method of removing an insulation layer pattern covering metal wires includes providing an insulation layer pattern on a substrate, the insulation layer pattern having openings exposing the substrate, forming metal wires in the openings by depositing a barrier layer on inner surfaces of the openings, such that a lower portion of the barrier layer is thinner that an upper portion of the barrier layer, and depositing a metal layer to fill the openings, and performing an etching process with an etching vapor to remove the insulation layer pattern from the substrate to expose the metal wires.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having air gaps, an organic sacrificial layer pattern is formed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the organic sacrificial layer pattern includes openings. Metal structures are formed in the openings. The organic sacrificial layer pattern is removed by a plasma ashing treatment using a source gas including oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO). An insulating interlayer is formed to have air gaps between the metal structures. Resistance-capacitance (RC) delay and crosstalk between the metal structures may be efficiently suppressed.

Abstract: A metal (e.g., copper) interconnect and related method of fabrication are disclosed in which the metal interconnect is formed by electro-plating a seed layer formed on a recess in a substrate before a metal layer is electro-plated to fill the recess.

Abstract: Disclosed is are a mobile communication terminal having multiple keypads, which includes a primary keypad installed on the front side, and secondary keypads installed on the backside. In particular, the secondary keypads are installed at two opposite upper end edges of the backside of the main body so that the secondary keypads can be manipulated easily with the index fingers. As a result, the keypads installed at the two sides of the main body can facilitate a convenient operation of the mobile communication terminal.

Abstract: A lens fixing apparatus for rimless spectacles includes a holder combined to the temple of the rimless spectacles or one side of the bridge. Both surfaces of the lens are compressively fixed along the inner circumference thereof, and a fixing frame has a compression surface. The rear surface of the lens contacts the front surface of the fixing frame and the rear surface of the fixing frame has a slanted surface formed thereon, the thickness thereof gradually increasing as it extends outwardly. The fixing frame has an elongated hole of a predetermined length formed through the surface opposing the lens, longitudinally along the compression surface.

Abstract: A lens fixing apparatus for rimless spectacles is provided in which each lens is fixed to each temple of the spectacles or a bridge, without rims. The lens fixing apparatus includes a holder combined to the temple of the rimless spectacles or one side of the bridge, in which both surfaces of the lens are compressively fixed along the inner circumference, and a fixing frame having a compression surface which is extensively formed perpendicularly in the middle portion of the holder, in which the rear surface of the lens contacts the front surface of the fixing frame, a slanted surface formed in the rear surface of the holder, whose thickness is gradually increased as it becomes farther from the holder, and a long hole of a predetermined length formed on the surface opposing the lens, along the lengthy direction of the compression surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lens fastening device for frameless spectacles. The lens fastening device comprises a first fastening element made of soft synthetic resin, possessing a guide part formed at a lower end thereof, defined with a threaded hole and having a tapered part to be decreased in its diameter toward an upper end thereof, and a second fastening element prepared separately from and coupled to the first fastening element, made of metal or hard synthetic resin, possessing a flange part formed on an outer surface and at an upper end thereof, defined with a threaded groove and an engagement groove into which the guide part of the first fastening element is engaged, and having a body part.