Abstract: A display device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode spaced from the first electrode; a first insulating layer on the first electrode and the second electrode; a plurality of light emitting elements on the first insulating layer and on the first electrode and the second electrode; a first connection electrode on the first electrode and contacting the plurality of light emitting elements; and a second connection electrode on the second electrode and contacting the plurality of light emitting elements, wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer on the first metal layer and including a different material from the first metal layer, a thickness of the first metal layer is between 100 ? to 300 ?, and a thickness of each of the first electrode and the second electrode is 2600 ? or less.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a conductive pattern layer disposed on the substrate; a buffer layer disposed on the conductive pattern layer; an active pattern layer disposed on the buffer layer and including a channel region and a conductive region adjacent to the channel region; an insulating pattern layer disposed on the channel region; an oxide pattern layer disposed on the insulating pattern layer; a gate electrode disposed on the oxide pattern layer; and a connecting member electrically connected to the conductive pattern layer and the conductive region. The connecting member and the oxide pattern layer include a same material.

Abstract: A display device including a first substrate including a display area, and a non-display area, a second substrate on the first substrate, and a sealing member in a sealing area of the non-display area. The first substrate includes a first base portion, a first conductive layer including a first signal line and a lower light blocking layer, on the first base portion, a buffer layer on the first conductive layer, a semiconductor layer overlapping the lower light blocking layer, on the buffer layer, a gate insulating layer on the semiconductor layer, and a second conductive layer including second and third signal lines electrically connected to the first signal line, and a gate electrode overlapping the semiconductor layer, on the gate insulating layer. In plan view, the first signal line is between the second signal line and the third signal line. The first signal line overlaps the sealing member.

Abstract: Provided is a routing method for determining a destination in a computer network having multiple interconnected nodes, the method for measuring packet delays among remotely located gateways and processing routing in application layers of the gateways using the packet delays. The routing method based on packet delay includes the steps of setting a re-routing interval and measuring one-way delays among gateways, exchanging the measured delays among the respective gateways and forming delay time tables, calculating an average one-way delay during the re-routing interval, and if a packet is received, applying the calculated average one-way delay to a predetermined algorithm and determining a path from a source gateway to a destination gateway, the path having the minimum delay. Therefore, an improved routing performance can be achieved in real time transmitting a packet by determining the minimum delay path to a destination by measuring packet delays among remotely located nodes in application layers thereof.

Abstract: A blind watermarking method by grouping codewords for VQ-quantized images is disclosed. Especially there is provided a watermark insertion method in which a codebook is divided into three groups satisfying specific standards and a codeword is allocated based on the group to which the corresponding codeword belongs to insert watermark information, and a watermark extraction method for extracting the watermark inserted by the watermark insertion method. According to the present invention, watermark information can be uniformly inserted into an input vector space and the original image is not needed for extracting the watermark information.

Abstract: A blind watermarking method by grouping codewords for VQ-quantized images is disclosed. Especially there is provided a watermark insertion method in which a codebook is divided into three groups satisfying specific standards and a codeword is allocated based on the group to which the corresponding codeword belongs to insert watermark information, and a watermark extraction method for extracting the watermark inserted by the watermark insertion method. According to the present invention, watermark information can be uniformly inserted into an input vector space and the original image is not needed for extracting the watermark information.

Abstract: Provided is a routing method for determining a destination in a computer network having multiple interconnected nodes, the method for measuring packet delays among remotely located gateways and processing routing in application layers of the gateways using the packet delays. The routing method based on packet delay includes the steps of setting a re-routing interval and measuring one-way delays among gateways, exchanging the measured delays among the respective gateways and forming delay time tables, calculating an average one-way delay during the re-routing interval, and if a packet is received, applying the calculated average one-way delay to a predetermined algorithm and determining a path from a source gateway to a destination gateway, the path having the minimum delay. Therefore, an improved routing performance can be achieved in real time transmitting a packet by determining the minimum delay path to a destination by measuring packet delays among remotely located nodes in application layers thereof.