Abstract: An amplify-and-forward (AF) relay jamming signal can pass through any civil and military wireless communication system. Hence, AF relay jamming is dangerous and should be detected and suppressed before demodulation/decoding/decryption in wireless communication systems. The 5G positioning reference signal (PRS) and 5G sounding reference signal (SRS) play critical roles especially for autonomous driving and link establishment between a user equipment (UE) and a near gNodeB. Both the PRS and SRS are publicly known and vulnerable to AF relay jamming. The goal of this invention is to present an effective and low-complexity 5G-and-beyond UE positioning algorithm installed at a UE instead of a gNodeB against an AF 2-dimensional time delay (TD) and frequency shift (FS) relay jamming.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power controlling method in a mobile radio communication system using Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) scheme, and more particularly to a power controlling method of response (ACK/NACK) signals for transmitting the ACK/NACK signals in different power based on the permissible probabilities of reception error that the system requires. When the ACK/NACK signals are transmitted and received in the automatic repeat request (ARQ) system, since the ACK/NACK signals can be transmitted in accordance with the transmission power satisfying an error rate required in each signal by differentiating the transmission power of the signal according to each ACK/NACK, the power consumption required in the transmission of the ACK/NACK signals can be reduced.

Abstract: A pseudonoise code teaching loop (PNCTL) measures the difference in energy between a smart antenna array output that is despread using an early pseudonoise code and a late pseudonoise code and contains a chip time shifting current based on this difference. Using multiple elements of the array significantly improves performance.