Abstract: A wiring substrate and a display device including the same are provided. The display device includes a first substrate including a display area and a pad area disposed on one side of the display area, and a plurality of conductive layers including a plurality of wires and conductive patterns disposed in the display area and the pad area on the first substrate, wherein at least one of the conductive layers includes a copper-indium alloy and comprises a metal layer having a grain size equal to or less than about 140 nm.

Abstract: A display device includes a display area and a pad area on a side of the display area, a plurality of conductive layers on a first substrate in the display area and the pad area and comprising a wiring and a conductive pattern, a via layer on the plurality of conductive layers, a plurality of electrodes on the via layer in the display area and spaced apart from each other, and a light emitting element on at least one of the plurality of electrodes. At least one of the conductive layers includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer on the first metal layer, and a third metal layer on the second metal layer. The second metal layer includes copper (Cu), the third metal layer includes a copper alloy, and a grain size of the third metal layer is smaller than a grain size of the second metal layer.

Abstract: There are provided a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device. The display device includes: electrodes spaced apart from each other; light emitting elements disposed between the electrodes; and connection electrodes disposed on the light emitting elements. Each of the connection electrodes includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer, and a work function of the first conductive layer is lower than a work function of the second conductive layer.

Abstract: Provided is a display device comprising a substrate including a first sub-display area and a main display area surrounding the first sub-display area, a first transistor disposed on the main display area without overlapping the first sub-display area, a via insulating layer to cover the first transistor, a first light emitting element to overlap the main display area without overlapping the first sub-display area, a second light emitting element to overlap the first sub-display area without overlapping the main display area, and a transparent oxide layer to overlap the first sub-display area without overlapping the main display area, wherein the transparent oxide layer includes a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion, the first light emitting element is disposed to overlap the first transistor while being connected thereto, and the second light emitting element is connected to the conductive portion of the transparent oxide layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a data conductive layer disposed on a substrate, a passivation layer disposed on the data conductive layer, a via layer disposed on the passivation layer, and a pixel electrode disposed on the via layer. The data conductive layer includes a data base layer, a data main metal layer disposed on the data base layer, a first data capping layer disposed on the data main metal layer, a second data capping layer disposed on the first data capping layer, and a third data capping layer disposed on the second data capping layer. The passivation layer and the via layer include a pad opening which exposes a portion of the data conductive layer in the pad area. The third data capping layer has a higher etch rate than the first and second data capping layers for a same etchant.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment may include a base layer including a first surface and a second surface, a pixel circuit layer including a first line on the first surface, a display element layer on the pixel circuit layer and including a display element, a thin film encapsulation layer on the display element layer, a first protective layer on the thin film encapsulation layer, and a second line on the second surface to correspond to the first line. The first protective layer may include a transparent insulating material.

Abstract: A conductive pattern is disclosed that includes a conductive layer including aluminum, a first capping layer disposed on the conductive layer and including titanium, and a second capping layer disposed on the first capping layer and including titanium nitride. A mixed region in which the aluminum and the titanium are mixed with each other is disposed in at least portions of the conductive layer and the first capping layer.

Abstract: Provided is a display device comprising a substrate; a plurality of transistors disposed on the substrate; a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode respectively connected to the transistors; a first emission layer disposed to overlap the first pixel electrode, a second emission layer disposed to overlap the second pixel electrode, and a third emission layer disposed to overlap the third pixel electrode; and a common electrode disposed on the first emission layer, the second emission layer, and the third emission layer, wherein the first pixel electrode includes a first layer, and a second layer disposed on the first layer and including a Ga-doped ITO.

Abstract: A display device includes a data conductive layer disposed on a substrate, a passivation layer disposed on the data conductive layer, a via layer disposed on the passivation layer, and a pixel electrode disposed on the via layer. The data conductive layer includes a data base layer, a data main metal layer disposed on the data base layer, a first data capping layer disposed on the data main metal layer, a second data capping layer disposed on the first data capping layer, and a third data capping layer disposed on the second data capping layer. The passivation layer and the via layer include a pad opening which exposes a portion of the data conductive layer in the pad area. The third data capping layer has a higher etch rate than the first and second data capping layers for a same etchant.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment may include a base layer including a first surface and a second surface, a pixel circuit layer including a first line on the first surface, a display element layer on the pixel circuit layer and including a display element, a thin film encapsulation layer on the display element layer, a first protective layer on the thin film encapsulation layer, and a second line on the second surface to correspond to the first line. The first protective layer may include a transparent insulating material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of requesting service between network devices in which the range of service between network devices can be flexibly managed, a network device capable of performing the method, and a storage medium thereof are provided. The network devices includes: a network device requesting a partner network device to send service information; and if service information of the partner network device is received, requesting a service to the partner network device based on the received service information.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving multimedia broadcasting in order to provide multimedia broadcasting services and interactive broadcasting services are provided. An apparatus for receiving multimedia broadcasting includes a reference clock receiver, which receives a reference clock value, i.e., a current time value, of real-time multimedia broadcasting; a multimedia document receiver/storage, which receives and stores a first multimedia document; a media data receiver/storage, which receives and stores first media data; and a multimedia document renderer, which when the first multimedia document is scheduled at the reference clock value and the first media data is a rendering material used to render the first multimedia document, renders the first multimedia document using the first media data.

Abstract: A method of joining a cell by using a proxy coordinator. The method of joining a cell by using a proxy coordinator includes requesting a second device to operate as a proxy coordinator from a first device positioned out of a beacon frame reachable area of the cell, transmitting a time period to operate as the proxy coordinator allocated by a coordinator of the cell, informing the first device that the second device can operate as the proxy coordinator, transmitting a cell join request to the proxy coordinator from the first device through the second device, and transmitting a beacon frame including time allocation information from the coordinator to the first device through the second device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display apparatus and a control method thereof. The display apparatus includes a memory which stores contents with voice information; a voice output unit which outputs a voice; a voice storage which receives and stores a voice of a user; and a controller which controls the voice output unit to selectively output one of the voice information stored in the memory or the voice of a user stored in the voice storage when reproducing the contents.

Abstract: A display system having a display apparatus and an external input apparatus, and a method of controlling the same. In the method an image is displayed on a display apparatus. A phase shift of an external input apparatus is detected. The detected phase shift is transmitted to the display apparatus, and the image displayed on the display apparatus is rotated based on the detected phase shift.

Abstract: A method and device for bi-directionally transmitting and receiving data during an allocated time period are provided. The device includes a Physical Layer (PHY) module receiving a Medium Access Control (MAC) frame through a wireless medium, a MAC module reading a value of a first field in the received MAC frame, wherein the first field specifies whether there is more data to be sent, and a transmission rights determining module determining that a transmission right has been passed to the wireless device when the value of the first field is a first bit and a channel is idle during a predetermined threshold time after reception of the MAC frame, wherein the first bit represents that there is no more data to be sent.

Abstract: A method of retransmitting a data frame and a network apparatus using the method are provided. In the method performed in a wireless network, a first network apparatus transmits a data frame requesting a response frame. A second network apparatus determines a type of response frame according to a reception mode of the data frame. The second network apparatus transmits the determined type of response frame to the first network apparatus. The first network apparatus retransmits the data frame according to the type of the response frame transmitted to the first network apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for communication among many coordinator-based wireless networks connected together through a wired backbone network using wired/wireless connecting devices. According to the method and apparatus, communication is allowed between wireless devices belonging to different coordinator-based wireless networks through wired/wireless connecting devices using physical addresses, whose uniqueness is ensured across the whole network, instead of using ID information assigned by a PNC, as physical addresses of a destination network device and a source belonging to different coordinator-based wireless networks.

Abstract: A method for broadcasting a data packet in a wireless universal serial bus (USB) environment, a method for receiving the data packet being broadcasted, a wireless USB host, and a wireless USB device are provided. The method for broadcasting a data packet in a wireless USB environment includes generating a management packet containing broadcast Channel Time Allocation (CTA) information, transmitting the management packet to at least one USB device within a cluster of USB devices, and broadcasting a data packet during a time indicated by the broadcast CTA information.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for communication between a coordinator-based wireless network and a different type of network interconnected through a wired backbone network by means of a wired/wireless connecting device are disclosed. In the method, in order to communicate with a network device connected to a different type of network other than a coordinator-based wireless network, a network device in the coordinator-based wireless network provides a frame containing type information on the different type of network and information on a length of a physical address supported by the different type of network, and a wireless/wired connecting device converts the frame of the coordinator-based wireless network to another type of frame supported by the different type of network, and transmits the converted frame.