Abstract: A method of manufacturing a buffer layer for a thin film solar cell includes preparing a reaction solution including an ammonia compound, a zinc source, and a sulfur source at a temperature below 70° C.; and immersing a substrate on which an optical absorption layer is formed in the reaction solution. The concentration of the zinc source in the reaction solution is in the range of about 0.01M to about 0.09M.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus and a method for recycling a solution. The deposition apparatus includes a bath in which a solution used in a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method is filled, a tank in which the solution used in the CBD method is temporarily stored, and a filter unit for filtering the solution stored in the tank to be reused in the CBD method again. Thus, when a buffer layer is formed by the CBD method, the number of times of reusing the solution for forming the buffer layer may be increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing silicon oxide, in which the amounts of silicon and oxygen are appropriately controlled by decreasing the amount of the oxygen from silicon oxide containing a relatively large amount of oxygen, silicon oxide prepared by the method, and a secondary battery including the same. According to the method of preparing silicon oxide, silicon oxide (first silicon oxide) including a relatively large amount of oxygen is heat treated in a reducing atmosphere to decrease the amount of the oxygen in the silicon oxide (first silicon oxide) and to prepare silicon oxide (second silicon oxide) including silicon and oxygen in an appropriate amount (Si:SiO2=1:0.7-0.98), thereby improving capacity and initial efficiency and securing stability and cycle properties (lifetime characteristics) of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A solar cell including a light absorption layer including a p-type compound semiconductor; and a buffer layer including a first buffer layer and a second buffer layer on the light absorption layer, the second buffer layer being between the first buffer layer and light absorption layer, and a zinc sulfide (ZnS) concentration of the first buffer layer being greater than a ZnS concentration of the second buffer layer is disclosed. Methods of manufacturing the solar cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the device includes i) first and second substrates facing each other, wherein first and second electrodes are formed on the first and second substrates, respectively and ii) an electrolyte inlet formed to pass through the first substrate and configured to receive an electrolyte. The device may further include an inlet sealing member connected to an external surface of the first substrate and outwardly extending from a top portion of the electrolyte inlet, wherein the top portion is formed in the external surface of the first substrate, and wherein the inlet sealing member comprises an encapsulation space being in fluid communication with the electrolyte inlet.

Abstract: Provided are an anode active material including silicon oxide particles (SiOx, where x satisfies 0<x<2), fiber-type carbon grown on the silicon oxide particles, and a carbon coating layer formed on surfaces of the silicon oxide particles and the fiber-type carbon, and a method of preparing the anode active material. Since the anode active material of the present invention is used in an anode of a lithium secondary battery, conductivity may not only be improved but the physical bonding force between the silicon oxide particles and the fiber-type carbon may also be increased. Thus, the performance of the battery may be improved by addressing limitations related to the exfoliation of the fiber-type carbon which may occur due to the volume change of silicon oxide.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The photoelectric conversion module may include a light-receiving substrate in which a first functional layer having a photoelectrode is formed, a counter substrate that faces the light-receiving substrate and is electrically coupled to the light-receiving substrate and in which a second functional layer having a counter electrode is formed. The photoelectric conversion module may include a sealant formed between the light-receiving substrate and the counter substrate and positioned so as to divide a plurality of unit photoelectric cells formed between the light-receiving substrate and the counter substrate. The photoelectric conversion module may include a plurality of interconnection units electrically connecting adjacent unit photoelectric cells.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module includes a substrate, first and second rear electrodes on the substrate and separated from each other by a first separation pattern, first and second light absorbing layers on the first and second rear electrodes and separated from each other by a second separation pattern, and first and second front electrodes on the light absorbing layer and separated from each other by a third separation pattern. One of the first and second rear electrodes has a rear connecting portion and an opposite one of the first and second front electrodes has a front connecting portion. The first separation pattern is in a bent shape to enclose the rear connecting portion and the third separation pattern is in a bent shape to enclose the front connecting portion. The rear connecting portion and the front connecting portion are disposed facing each other along a z-axis and are electrically connected.

Abstract: A device isolation layer of the memory device includes a first insulation layer in a lower portion of a device isolation trench, a second insulation layer in an upper portion of the device isolation trench and a separation layer between the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer. First and second conductive fillers are in the first and second insulation layers and are separated by the separation layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module, for example, a dye-sensitized solar cell, for generating electrical energy from light is disclosed. In one aspect, the module includes a light-receiving substrate, a first functional layer formed on the light receiving substrate and a first bus electrode formed on at least two edge regions of the light receiving substrate. The photoelectric conversion module may have a counter substrate having a second functional layer formed thereon and a second bus electrode formed on at least two edges of the counter substrate an electrolyte layer disposed between the first functional layer and the second functional layer. A first connection line may be electrically connected to the second bus electrode and a second connection line may be electrically connected to the first bus electrode is disclosed. Further, the first bus electrode may be electrically connected to the first functional layer and the second functional layer may be electrically connected to the second bus electrode.

Abstract: A constant-velocity joint assembly includes: a first and a second shaft portions respectively provided with a protrusion; a double yoke portion in which a guide hole is formed along an axis direction, the first and the second shaft portions being respectively rotatably connected to both sides of the guide hole with an axis of an upper/lower direction; and a guide portion which is disposed to the guide hole to guide the protrusion and rotates along an inner circumference of the guide hole during rotation of the shaft portions, wherein the first and the second shaft portions respectively comprises: a spider body, a left and a right leg, and an upper and a lower legs; a shaft provided with the protrusion; and a yoke block comprising a block body, and a left and a right connecting member.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing silicon oxide by which an amount of oxygen of the silicon oxide may be controlled. The method of manufacturing silicon oxide may include mixing silicon and silicon dioxide to be included in a reaction chamber, depressurizing a pressure of the reaction chamber to obtain a high degree of vacuum while increasing a temperature in the reaction chamber to a reaction temperature, and reacting the mixture of silicon and silicon dioxide in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for downloading terrestrial DMB data using a multi-download algorithm. The multi-download algorithm enables the terrestrial DMB receiving apparatus to download and store the data service data in advance from the ensemble consisting of the video service data, the audio service data, and the data service data while enjoying the video or audio service, so that the DMB subscriber can be quickly provided with the data service data whenever needed later.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module is disclosed. In one aspect, the photoelectric conversion module includes 1) first and second conductive substrates facing each other and 2) first and second grid electrodes formed between and respectively electrically connected to the first and second conductive substrates. The photoelectric conversion module also includes a first isolation electrode interposed between and contacting the first conductive substrate and the second grid electrode. The second grid electrode may have a top surface that tightly contacts the first isolation electrode so as to substantially prevent an electrolyte from permeating between the top surface of the second grid electrode and the first isolation electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for efficiently providing a multi-content, including a plurality of contents in one service, by means of a service guide upon providing the multi-content in an Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) mobile broadcasting system. When a broadcast transmitting apparatus provides a broadcast receiving apparatus with a multi-content by inserting a plurality of content into one service, the broadcast transmitting apparatus sets one of the plurality of content as a primary content, and provides a service guide including primary-content setting information to the broadcast receiving apparatus. The primary content represents a content set to be primarily provided to a user, among a plurality of content included in one service and simultaneously provided during a specific time period. The primary-content setting information represents information for identifying the primary content. The primary-content setting information may be included in a content fragment or schedule fragment of a service guide.

Abstract: A solar power generating apparatus includes a support plate, a solar cell module having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the first side of the solar cell module being pivotally coupled to the support plate, a guide unit on a rear surface of the solar cell module, and a support unit having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the first side of the support unit being pivotally coupled to the support plate, and the second side of the support unit being coupled to the guide unit, the second side of the support unit being configured to linearly move along the guide unit to adjust inclination of the solar cell module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a network management system for analyzing Internet application traffic. An apparatus for Internet application traffic classification benchmark according to the present invention configures two or more Internet application traffic classifications in plug-in scheme to perform a benchmarking function for the performance of each Internet application traffic classification. The apparatus can provide an objective and accurate evaluation for each classification technology by aggregating various Internet application traffic classification technologies by the plug-in scheme.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus using a solar cell includes a window frame that frames a window area, a photoelectric panel in the window area, a battery unit that stores electric power generated from the photoelectric panel, and a lighting unit that receives a power supply voltage from the battery unit and provides indirect lighting, the lighting unit being on the window frame, and an optical axis of the lighting unit extends in a direction facing the photoelectric panel.

Abstract: A display device includes a switching device, a first pixel electrode, a dielectric layer and a second pixel electrode. The switching device is provided on the lower substrate. The organic layer pattern is disposed on the lower substrate. The organic layer pattern includes a plurality of stepped portions in a pixel region. The first pixel electrode is disposed on the organic layer pattern in the pixel region. The dielectric layer is disposed on the first pixel electrode. A plurality of the second pixel electrodes is disposed on the dielectric layer. The second pixel electrodes are partially superimposed over the first pixel electrode. Non-uniform vertical fields may be minimized by the morphology of the first pixel electrode, so that the display device may have excellent brightness and transmittance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a digital broadcasting system and a method for transmitting and receiving electronic service guide data in a digital broadcasting system, which communicates applications capable of executing content files downloaded through a file download service. The digital broadcasting system includes a digital broadcasting transmitter for broadcasting Electronic Service Guide (ESG) data which includes application information corresponding to respective content files, and a digital broadcasting receiver for receiving the broadcasted ESG data and executing applications corresponding to the respective content files by using the application information included in the ESG data.