Abstract: Provided is a photocatalyst including boron oxide; a first metal oxide, wherein the first metal oxide is an oxide of a first metal; and a core including anatase, wherein the boron oxide and the first metal oxide are disposed on a surface of the core, and an oxidation number of at least one of the first metals is +1.

Abstract: A composite catalyst, an air purification device including the same, and a method of preparing the composite catalyst, wherein the composite catalyst includes a carrier including an oxide of a first metal, a second metal supported on the carrier, and an oxide of a third metal supported on the carrier, wherein an electronegativity of the first metal is less than or equal to an electronegativity of the third metal.

Abstract: A nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst, a catalytic reaction system including the same, and an air purification system, wherein the nitrogen oxide decomposition catalyst includes a heterogenous metal oxide and a first metal disposed on the heterogenous metal oxide and is configured to catalyze a reaction to decompose nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A ceramic catalytic filter includes a ceramic support, and a catalyst coating layer directly disposed on the ceramic support through a one-pot reaction. The catalyst coating layer includes a nanostructure.

Abstract: An air purifier includes an air inlet portion through which polluted air flows in, a plasma reaction portion connected to and in fluid communication with the air inlet portion and including a discharge region generating discharge plasma, a gas-liquid mixing portion connected to and in fluid communication with the plasma reaction portion, and including a gas-liquid mixing portion housing, a droplet spraying device arranged in the gas-liquid mixing portion housing and including at least one spray nozzle spraying fine droplets, and a fluid mixing device which mixes the fine droplets with first purified air transferred from the plasma reaction portion, and a gas-liquid contact portion connected to and in fluid communication with the gas-liquid mixing portion, defining micro-channels through which a gas-liquid mixture fluid transferred from the gas-liquid mixing portion passes, and including an impactor which captures droplets from the gas-liquid mixture fluid.

Abstract: An air purifier includes a reactor including a hollow region extending in a first direction, a first electrode unit extending in the first direction and disposed in the hollow region, a plurality of supports disposed in the hollow region to surround the first electrode unit, and spaced apart from each other in the first direction, where a plurality of through holes extending in the first direction is defined in each of the plurality of supports, a plurality of discharge elements coupled to the first electrode unit and disposed in the hollow region, where at least one of the plurality of discharge elements is disposed in a first discharge unit defined by a space between the plurality of supports, and a second electrode unit spaced apart from the plurality of discharge elements by a certain distance on a plane perpendicular to the first direction to surround the plurality of discharge elements.

Abstract: An air purifier includes an ultrasonic droplet sprayer which forms a gas-liquid mixed fluid by spraying fine droplets into a duct by using an ultrasonic vibrator, and a dust collector which collects fine dust from the gas-liquid mixed fluid. The dust collector includes a gas-liquid contact layer having a plurality of pores through which the gas-liquid mixed fluid passes.

Abstract: A porous composite structure including a substrate including a plurality of nanostructures; a particle layer disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a liquid, a method of preparing the porous composite structure, an article including the porous composite structure, and an air purifier including the porous composite structure.

Abstract: A lithium precipitation detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a measuring unit configured to calculate a charge amount of a battery in a charging process and calculate a discharge amount of the battery in a discharging process; and a control unit configured to estimate a state of charge (SOC) of the battery in the charging process and the discharging process and determine whether lithium precipitation occurs in the battery based on the estimated SOC, the charge amount and the discharge amount.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for reducing floating radioactive material in a containment building capable of reducing radioactive material in the event of a major accident in a containment building such as a nuclear power plant. A radioactive material reduction unit configured to reduce radioactive material in the air is provided upstream of a flow induction unit configured to induce an air flow through catalytic reaction with hydrogen in the air in the event of a major accident. The flow induction unit may have a replaceable modular form. The radioactive material reduction unit may include an adsorber module configured to remove gaseous radioactive material, such as iodine or an iodine compound. The adsorber module may have a replaceable modular form. In addition, the radioactive material reduction unit may further include an aerosol filter fixed to an inlet to remove particulate radioactive material.

Abstract: A battery state of charge estimating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a charging and discharging unit for receiving a control signal including a C-rate and for charging and discharging a battery at the C-rate included in the control signal; a measuring unit for measuring a voltage of the battery in a charging and discharging process of the battery; and a control unit for transmitting the control signal to the charging and discharging unit, changing the C-rate included in the control signal whenever the voltage value measured by the measuring unit reaches a preset threshold value, and estimating SOC of the battery based on the result of comparing the changed C-rate with a preset cutoff value.

Abstract: A battery state estimating apparatus and method that adds system noise to a recursive filter and corrects parameters used in an extended Kalman filter in consideration of an offset and variance of a current sensor and a voltage sensor.

Abstract: A display device includes a display module, a first support film disposed under the display module, a second support film disposed under the first support film, a plurality of first support bars disposed on a lower surface of the first support film between the first support film and the second support film, and a plurality of second support bars disposed on an upper surface of the second support film between the first support film and the second support film. The plurality of first support bars and the plurality of second support bars are alternately arranged.

Abstract: A process apparatus includes a gas supplier which supplies a reaction gas having a constant concentration, and a processor which performs a predetermined process by the reaction gas supplied from the gas supplier, where the gas supplier includes a reactor which accommodates a solid phase reactant, a heater which applies heat to the solid phase reactant to convert the solid phase reactant to a reaction gas in a gas phase, a gas pump which applies a predetermined pumping pressure to the reactor, and a gas outlet which discharges the reaction gas to the processor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for managing an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)-State Of Charge (SOC) profile of a battery. The apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a storage means to store a plurality of OCV-SOC profiles having an overlapping zone in which the OCV-SOC profiles overlap in a predetermined SOC range; and a control means coupled to the storage means. The control means is configured to calculate a partial capacity of the battery in the SOC range of the overlapping zone during charging or discharging of the battery, determine a reduction ratio of the current partial capacity to the partial capacity of the battery at Beginning Of Life (BOL), select the OCV-SOC profile corresponding to the reduction ratio among the plurality of OCV-SOC profiles, change the current OCV-SOC profile to the selected OCV-SOC profile, and control the charge or discharge of the battery using the changed OCV-SOC profile.

Abstract: A process apparatus includes a gas supplier which supplies a reaction gas having a constant concentration, and a processor which performs a predetermined process by the reaction gas supplied from the gas supplier, where the gas supplier includes a reactor which accommodates a solid phase reactant, a heater which applies heat to the solid phase reactant to convert the solid phase reactant to a reaction gas in a gas phase, a gas pump which applies a predetermined pumping pressure to the reactor, and a gas outlet which discharges the reaction gas to the processor.

Abstract: An overlay mark forming a Moire pattern, an overlay measurement method using the overlay mark, an overlay measurement apparatus using the overlay mark, and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device using the overlay mark are provided. The overlay mark for measuring an overlay based on an image is configured to determine a relative misalignment between at least two pattern layers. The overlay mark includes a first overlay mark including a pair of first grating patterns which has a first pitch along a first direction and which is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees, and includes a second overlay mark including a pair of second grating patterns and a pair of third grating patterns. The second grating patterns partially overlap the first grating patterns and are rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees, and the third grating patterns partially overlap the first grating patterns and are rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees.

Abstract: A filtering system includes: a catalyst filter including a filter frame including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a photocatalyst layer provided on the second surface of the filter frame; a light source unit configured to irradiate light for activating the photocatalyst layer; and a plurality of waveguides inserted into at least some of a plurality of channels, respectively, to increase light transmission into the at least some of the plurality of channels of the catalyst filter.

Abstract: A method implemented by one or more computing systems includes accessing a first data matrix including a plurality of row data and a plurality of column data. The method further includes providing, to a first generative adversarial network (GAN), a first data input including a plurality of row vectors corresponding to the plurality of row data, and providing, to a second GAN, a second data input including a plurality of column vectors corresponding to the plurality of column data. The method further includes generating, by simultaneous co-clustering the plurality of row vectors and the plurality of column vectors by the first GAN and the second GAN, a co-clustered correlation matrix based on the plurality of row vectors and the plurality of column vectors. The method further includes the co-clustered correlation matrix includes co-clustered associations between the plurality of row data and the plurality of column data.

Abstract: A photocatalyst for air purification, a photocatalyst film including the photocatalyst, and an air purification device including the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst for air purification includes: a first metal oxide particle having ultraviolet absorptivity, and fluorine bound to a surface of the first metal oxide particle; second metal oxide particles present on the surface of the first metal oxide particle. The use of the photocatalyst for air purification to remove or degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and viruses.